206 CHARACINOID AND ERTTHRINOII) FISHES— GILL. vol. xviii. 



X Cliaradns, Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, XXI, p. 159, 1848. 



<^('haracina, Vogt, Zool. Briefe, II, p. 150, 1851. 



y.^^letldce., Adams, Man. Nat. Hist., p. 108, 1854. 



xCharacinido', Richardson, Encyd. Brit., 8th ed., XII, p. 245, 1856. 



XCharacinoidei, Bleekeu, l';unm. Sp. Piscium Arcliipel. Indico, p. 31, 1859. 



<^Cha7-acinidw, GuNTHEU, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., Y, p. 278, 1864. 



<^Cliaracinidw, Cope, Proc, Am. Assn. Adv. Sci., 1871, p. 333 (1872). 



<^CharacinidcB, Gill, Arrang. Fam. Fishes, p. 16, 1872. 



<^Citharini, Fitzingeh, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. "NViss. Wien, LXXVII, 1. Abth., p. 37, 



1873. 

 <CCharnci)iida, Schmauda, Zool., II, p. 377, 1878. 



<^Characinidw, Jordan and Gilbert, Syu. Fishes N. Amer., p. 254, 1882. 

 :^Characid<v, Gill, Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., VI, p. 131, 1893. 



(Secondary Sipionymi/.} 



<^SalmoneH, Cuviek. Regne Animal [l-^^d.], II, p. 1.59, 1817; 2' cd.. II, p. 301, 1829. 

 <^Sal)nonides, Latreille, Fam. Nat. Regne Animal, p. 119, 1825. 

 <^Salmones, Ag.\ssiz, Sel. Gen. et Sp. Piscinm q. roil. .Spix, p. .56, 1829. 

 <^Salmonida', Bonaparte, Giorn. Accad. di Scienze, III, p. 95 (Saggio Distrib. 



Metod. Animal. Vertebr. a Sangue Freddo, p. 37), 1832. 

 <^Salmonid(r, Swainson, Nat. Hist, and Class. Fishes, etc., II, pp. 184, 283, 1839. 

 <:^Sahnonid(v, Bonaparte, Nuovi Anuali delle Sci. Xat., II, p. 132. 1838: IV. p. 272, 



1840. 

 < Characin'iden, Sagemehl, Morph. Jahrb., X, ]>. 1, etc.. 1885. 



(Syvouyms of Characinhuv.) 



<^Characini, Latreille, Fam. Nat. Regne Animal, p. 119 ('• Tribu "'). 

 <^SaImonini, Bonaparte, Giorn. Accad. di Scienze, LII, 95 (Saggio Distrib. 



Metod. Animal. Vertel)r. a Sangue Freddo, p. 37), 1832. 

 <^Salnwnina', Swainson, Nat. Hist, and Class. Fishes, etc., II, pp. 185, 286, 1839. 

 <^Hydrocyonini, Bonaparte, Nuovi Aunali delle Sci. Nat., II. p. 132, 1838; IV, 



p. 273, 1840. 

 <C^CharacinUn, Bonaparte, Cat. Met. Pesci Eur., p. 5, 1846; Consjiectus Syst. 



Piscium, 18.50. 

 <^Lciogast)ifoniHS, Bleeker, Enum. Sp. Piscium Archipol. Indico, jt. xxxii. 1859. 

 <^Hydyocyoiiiiia, (iuNTiiER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, pp. 280, 345. 1864. 

 <^Hydrocyonina. Gill. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., VI, p. 131, 1893. 



Heteroguaths with the skull above more or less invaded by reenter- 

 ing valleys from behind, and the supraoccipital having a horizontal 

 extension and carinated by a procurrent crest. 



Family ERYTHRINID^. 



( Primary Synonymy.) 

 <^Erythroides, Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, p. 480, 1846. 

 <^Eryfhrinida', Richardson, Enc. Brit., 8th ed., XII, p. 250, 1856. 

 <^Erythrinoidc( , Bleeker, Enum. Sp. Piscium Archipel. Indico, p. xxxi, 1859. 

 ^Erythrinido', Gill, Annals Eye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., YI, p. 410, 1858. 

 <^Erythrinida', Cope, Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1871, p. 333 (1872). 

 <^Erythrini, Fitzinger. Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, LXVII, 1. Abth., 



p. 37, 1873. 

 —Erylhrinida', Gill, Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., VI, p. 131, 1893 



