1895. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 157 



Synonym as Suborder. 

 =Syngnathi, Giix, Arrangement Families Fishes, p. 2, 1872. 



Family SVNGNATHIDJ^:. 



Sy)ionymy. 



■^SHinatidi, Rafinksque, Indice d'lttiolog. Siciliaua, p. 36, 1810. 



<^Syn(jnai]iida', Boxapartk, Giorn. Accad. di Scienze, LII (Saggio Distrib. 



Metod. Animali Vertebr. a Sangue Fredtlo, p. 39), 1832. 

 <^Syngnathidw, Bonapartk, Nuovi Anuali delle Sci. Nat., II, p. 130, 1838; IV, 



p. 185, 1840. 

 <^Syngnathida', Swainson, Nat. Hist, and Class. Fishes, etc., II, pp. 195, 331, 1839. 

 ^=Sy)i(jnailiidw, Naudo, Atti Congress! Seienz. Ital. rac. et ord., I, p. 70, (1842) 



1844. 

 ■a^SyugnatJudw, Kal'P, Archiv fiir Naturg., 19. Jahrg., I, p. 228, 1853; also Cat. 



Lophobr. Fishes Brit. Mns., p. 5, 1856. 

 <^Syngnathida', Girard, Expl. and Surv. for R. R. Rente to Pacific Oc, X, 



p. 343, 1858. 

 <^Syngnathoidei, Bleekp:r, Euum. Sji. Piscinm Archipel. Indico, p. xv, 1859. 

 ■<lSyngnathidcv, Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, p. 499, 1870. 

 ■<^Sy)ignathida;, Gunther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mas., VIII, p. 153, 1870. 

 =Syugnathidw, Cope, Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., XX, p. 339, 1872. 

 =::Syngnafhid(e, Gill, Arr. Fam. Fishes, p. 2, 1872. 

 =Syngnaihi, Fitzinger, Sitznngsber. k. Akad. der Wissensch. (Wieu), LXVII, 



1. Abth., p. 49, 1873. 

 <^Syngnathid(i', Moreau, Hist. Nat. Poiss. France, II, p. 28, 1881. 

 =^Syngnathidw, Jordan and Gilbert, Syn. Fishes N. Am., pp. 80, 382, 1882. 



Syngnatlii with squarish <[uadrangular plates attingeiit by exteusive 

 margins to the auterior and posterior plates, and allowing more or less 

 lateral movements; tail not prehensile or curved downward. ' 



Siabfai^iily SIPKOSTOlVIIlSr.^:. 



Synonyvty. 



<^Syngnathini, Bonaparte, Giorn. Accad. di Scienze, LII (Saggio Distrib. 



Metod. Animali Vertebr. a Sangue Freddo, p. 39), 1832. 

 <^Syngnaihiui, Bonaparte, Nuovi Annali delle Sci. Nat., II, p. 130, 1838; IV, 



p. 186, 1840. 

 <^Syngnath'nn, Nardo, Atti Sc. Ital. 1843, p. 244; Atti Congress! Scicnz. Ital. 



rac. et ord., I, 1842, p. 70 (1844). 

 <CiSiphostomini, Bonaparte, Catal. Metod. Pesci Europe!, pp. 9, 89, 1846. 

 =Syngiiathin(P, Kaup, Archiv fiir Naturg., 19. .Jahrg., I, p. 231, 1853; also Cat. 



Lophobr. Fishes Brit. Mus., p. 21, 1856. 

 =^Syngnathiforme8 syngnathini, Bleeker, Enuni. Sp. Piscium Archipel. Indico, 



p. XV, 1859. 

 ^Syngnathini, Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, pp. 499, 534, 1870. 

 <^Syngnatkina, Guntiier, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., VIII, pp. 153, 154, 1870. 

 =Syngnatliini, Moreau, Hist. Nat. Poiss. Franco, II, p. 40, 1881. 



Syngnathid* with pectoral fins, a long- cleft subcaudal ovigerous 

 pou(;h to males, and the upper caudal ridge continuous with the lateral 

 and the lower caudal ridge with the ventrolateral ridge of the trunk. 



