158 THE SYNGNATHID AND HIPPOCAMPID FISHES— GILL, vouxviii. 



Doryrhamphina, Kaup, ArchivNaturgesch., 19. Jahrg., I, p. 233, 1853; Cat. Loph. 



Fish. Brit. Mus., p. 54, 1856. 

 Doryrkamphini, Dumkril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, pp. 499, 585, 1870. 



Synguatbidae with pectoral fins and with a pectoral or abdominal 

 ovigerous pouch to the males. 



Siabfainily SY NO-IS" ^^THI^STjgE. 



^Scyplmii, Nardo, Atti Sc. Ital., 1843, p. 244. 

 =^Syn(jnathini, Bonaparte, Cat. Met. Pesci Eur., pp. 9, 90, 1846. 

 ^^Neropliincv, Kaup, Archiv Naturgesch., 19. Jahrg., I, p. 234, 1853. 

 z=:Neroplnni, Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, pp. 499,600, 1870. 

 =NeropMni, Moreau, Hist. Nat. Poiss. France, II, p. 61, 1881. 



SyngnatbidjB without pectoral fins or an ovigerous pouch, the eggs 

 beiag attached to the belly of the male, and the upper caudal ridge 

 continuous with the dorso-lateral and the lower caudal ridge with the 

 lateral ridge of the trunk. 



Subfamily G^STROTOKKIlSr^E. 



Syugnathidie with pectoral fins, no ovigerous pouch but eggs em- 

 bedded in a soft membrane of the abdomen in the males; the upper 

 caudal ridge continuous with the dorso-lateral, and the lower caudal 

 ridge continuous with the ventro-lateral ridge; the body expanded 

 below in a horizontal surface between the lateral lines, and the tail 

 tapering and finless. 



Family HIPPOCAMPID^. 



Synonyma as families. 



<^HippocampidcB, Nardo, Atti Congressi Scieuze Ital. rac. et ord., I, 1842, p. 70, 



(1844). 

 <^Pe(jasida:, Bonaparte, Cat. Met. Pesci Eur., p. 9, 1846. 

 ^ Hippocampidce, Owen, Lect. Comp. Auat. Vert. An., I, p. 50, 1846. 

 "^Hippocampidw, Baird, Icon. Encycl., II, p. 232, 1850. 

 ^ Hippocamptda , Adams, Man. Nat. Hist., p. 94, 1854. 

 '^Rippocampida, Girard, Espl. and Surv. for R. R. Route to Pacific Oc, X, 



Fishes, j). 342, 1858. (lucl. Hippocampus only.) 

 =^Hippocampid(e, Cope, Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., XX, p. 339, 1872. 

 =:^Hippocampidw, Gill, Arr. Fam. Fishes, p. 2, 1872. 

 =:^Hippocampi, Fitzinger, Sitzuugsber. k. Akad. der AVisseusch. Wieu, LXVII, 



1. Abth., p. 49, 1873. 

 zi^Hippocampida , .Jordan and Gilbert, Syn. Fishes N. Am., pp. 80, 385, 1882. 

 ^^Hippocampidi, PoEY, Repert. Hist. Nat. Cuba, II. 



Syngnathi with rhombiform quadrangular, or irregular plates with 

 extensions buttressed against corresponding ones of the i)receding and 

 succeeding plates, thus prohibiting any lateral movement; tail more or 

 less prehensile or curved downward; proscapular plates large and 

 mammilated, and antepectoral plate wide. 



