HEEPETOLOGY OF JAPAN. 55 



As the employment of the systematic arrangement given above for 

 purposes of identification would necessitate dissection of the speci- 

 mens, I add the following artificial Key, by which the Salientia 

 occurring within our limits may be referred to their respective 

 families by external characters alone: 



KEY TO THE JAPANESE FAMILIES OF TAILLESS BATRACHIANS. 



fli Digits without subarticular tubercles; pupil triangular (Suborder Costata) 



DiSCOGLOSSID.E, p. 50 



a- Digits with subarticular tubercles; pupil round or horizontal (Suborder Linguata). 



¥ A parotoid gland Bufoxid.e, p. 55 



b^ No parotoid gland, 

 ci Tongue without posterior prolongations or "horns." 



rfi Upper jaw toothed Hylid^, p. 75 



d^ Upper jaw toothless Engystomid.e, p. 87 



c2 Tongue with two posterior horn-shaped prolongations Ranid.e, p. 92 



Family BUFONID.E. 



A large family having no maxillary teeth, a large parotoid gland 

 behind the head, shoulder-girdle arciferous, and lateral sacral pro- 

 cesses dilated. Distributed over the entire globe, except the polar 

 regions, New Zealand, and Polynesia. Some forms are aquatic, some 

 arboreal, some burrowing in their habits, but most are terrestrial. 

 They feed largely on insects, and are among the best friends of the 

 farmer and gardener, by w^hom they ought to be protected instead 

 of persecuted and exterminated, as they usually are, on account of 

 tlieir often unattractive appearance. 



Only one genus is represented within the territory covered by this 

 work. 



Genus BUFO" Laurenti. 



1768. Bnfo Laurenti, Syn. Rept., p. 25 (type, B. vulgaris). 



1788. Buffo Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip., I, Syn. Meth. (emendation) . 



1814. Batrachus Rafinesque, Specchio Sci., (Palermo), II, fasc. 7 (substitute 



iorBu/o). 



1815. Bufotes Rafinesque, Analyse Nat., p. 78 (substitute for Bnfo). 



1816. Calamita Oken, Lehrb. Zool., II, p. 209 (type, B. calamita; not of Schneider 



1799). 

 1828. Chascax Ritgen, Nova Acta Acad. Carol. Leop., XIV, p. 278 (type, Bomhi- 



nator strumosus). 

 1843. Phryne Fitzinger, Syst. Rept., p. 32 (type, B. vulgaris). 

 1843. Phrynoidis Fitzinger, Syst. Rept., p. 32 (type, B. asper). 

 18()4. Epidalea Cope, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1864, p. 181 (type, B. calamita). 



The above synonyms are based upon species occurring within our 

 limits or are additional to those found in previously published syn- 

 onymies. The other synonyms of Bufo are too numerous to be 

 reproduced here. 



The status of the Japanese toads is still very unsatisfactor3\ 



" The Latin word for toad. 



