HEEPETOLOGY OF JAPAN. 25 



6'. Vomero-palatine series continuous; digits (except of nonbreeding females) with 



black claws Onychodactylus , p. 42. 



h'-. Vomero-palatine series interrupted in the middle; no claws Geomolge, p. 47. 



Genus HYNOBIUS" Tschudi. 



1838. Fseudosalamandra Tschudi, Classif. Batr., pp. 56, 91 (type, H. nxvius). 



1838. Hynobius Tschudi, Classif. Batr., pp. GO, 94 (type, H. nehulosus). 



1839. Molge Bonaparte, Icon. Fauna Ital., II, fasc. xxvi, fol. 131** (type, M. 



nmvia) (not of Merrem). 



1848. Hydroscopes Gistel, Naturg. Thierr., p. xi (substitute for Fseudosala- 

 mandra). 



1854. ElUpsoglossa Dumeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen., IX, p. 97 (same type). 



As will be seen from the above synonymy, Psevdosalamandra of 

 Tschudi has a few pages precedence of his Hynobius. As E. D. Cope, 

 the first author to formally combine the two genera under one of 

 Tschudi's names, selected Hynobius for the greater group, the name 

 so selected by him must stand, according to International Code of 

 Zoological Nomenclature, art. 28. 



The genus Hynobius, although far from peculiar to Japan, is never- 

 theless quite characteristic. Of the seven known species, four have 

 not been found outside of the islands of Hondo, Shikoku, Kiusiu, 

 and Tsu-shima ; one has been found in Korea ; and one is of uncertain 

 locality, it being doubtful whether the only specimen known came 

 from Japan or China. Thus far only one species is known with cer- 

 tainty from the latter country, namely, //. chinensis Guenther.^ 



KEY TO THE .JAPANESE AND KOREAN SPECIES OF HYNOBIUS. 



a' Tail subcylindrical for more than the l)asal half, more or less compressed toward the 

 tip, not keeled. 

 6' Fifth toe well developed, 

 f ' "Body more than four times the length of the head ; length of the [vomero] pala- 

 tine series [of teeth] from anterior border to posterior angle, equals two-thirds 



or three-fourths the width of the tongue " H. naevius, p. 26. 



^- "Body thrice and two-thirds the length of the head;" length of vomero-pala- 

 tine series "from anterior to posterior angle equals one-half of the width of the 



tongue. " H. leechii, p. 29. 



b'^ Fifth toe rudimentary //. peropus, p. 32. 



o2 Tail compressed behind the vent, keeled. 



6' Thirteen costal grooves //. nebvlosus, p. 30. 



b- Eleven costal grooves. 

 r} Fifth toe well developed; vomero-palatines with the median angle extending 

 backward a considerable distance beyond the lateral amis. 



H. nigrescens, p. 34. 



c^ Fifth toe rudimentary; vomero-palatines with the median angle not extending 



backward beyond the lateral arms H. lichenatus, p. 36. 



" From vvi^, a ploughshare ; /3io5, life. 



b Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), TV, 1889, p. 222, from Ichang. 



