HEEPETOLOGY OF JAPAN. 161 



PRELIMINARY KEY TO THE TADPOLES. 



a' Mouth with horny beak; series of horny teeth, more or less surrounded by papilla;. 

 ¥ Spiraculum in the mid-ventral line (fig. 155); labial teeth in two or more rows in 



nearly every series Bombina {bombina, salsa, fig. 157) 



6^ Spiraculum on the left side of the body (fig. 156); labial teeth in one row in each 

 series, 

 ci Anus median (fig. 155); spiraculum directed l)ackward; lower lip only 

 papillose at the corners. 

 Bufo (bi(fo, fig. 159; viridis; ralainita; tiifJanostirtus [Flower, Proc. Zool. 



Soc, 1896, pi. XLiv, fig. 3]) 



c- Anus dextral, fig. 156; spiraculum directed backward and upward; papilla 



continuous along lower lip or only narrowly interrupted in the middle. 



d ' Anus opening above the lower edge of the tail ; upper caudal crest extending 



far forward on the back almost to between the eyes . Hyla (arborea. fig. 158) 



rf- Anus opening close to the lower edge of the tail; upper caudal crest not 



extending forward beyond the vertical of the spiraculum. 



e^ Papillose series bordering lower lip uninterrupted in the middle. .Rana. 



/' Upper lip not bordered l)y papillse; beak white, more or less broadly 



bordered with black. 



fl' Series of labial teeth '^- 

 ^ 3 



i?. macrodon [Flower P. Z. S., 1899, pi. lix, fig. 1]; esculenta; arvalis. 



g^ Series of labial teeth " R. temporaria, fig. 154; agilis. 



P Upper lip bordered by papillae like lower one; beak entirely black. 



R. tigerina [Flower, P. Z. S., 1899, pi. lix, fig. 2] 

 e^ Papillose border of lower lip narrowly interrupted in the middle. 



Polypedntes leacomystax [Flower, P. Z. S., 1896, pi. xliv, fig. 2; 1899, 



pi. lix, fig. 3J 

 a- Mouth without hard l)eak, labial teeth, or papillae, consisting of a simple upper 



lip and a contractile lower one Microhyla ornata [Flower P. Z. S., 1899, pi. 



LX, fig. 1] 



Class REPTILIA. 



1768. Replilia Laurenti, Synops. Kept., p. 19 (compare p. 6). 



1820. Pholidota Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph., p. 5. 



1826. Monopnoa Fitzinger, Neue Classif. Rept., p. 3. 



1841. Haplopnoa Leuckart, Zool. Bruchst., II, p. 31. 



The existing reptiles are divided by Dr. H. F. Osborn into two sub- 

 classes, Diapsida and Synapsida. To the latter belongs onl}' one 

 existing order, viz, the turtles (Testudinata), which are characterized 

 by having the scapular arch internal to the ribs, while in the three 

 existing orders of the Diapsida it is external. These orders are: Cro- 

 codilini (also called Loricata or Emydosauria) , characterized by two- 

 headed ribs; RhyncJiocejjhalia, represented by a single surviving genus 

 in New Zealand (SpJienodon), superficisiWy resembling a lizard, but 

 distinguished from the next order by having, among other characters, 

 the quadrate bone immovably fixed to the adjacent cranial elements 



26485— No. 58—07 11 



