HERPETOLOGY OP JAPAN. 501 



GEOEMYDA SPENGLERI o (Gmelin). 

 YAMA GAME i in Okinawa dialect, according to Okada). 



Plates XXXI and XXXII. 



1789. Testudo spengleri Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I. Pt, 3, p. 1043 (no locality given). — 

 Geoemyda spengleri Gray , Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1834, p. 100 (China). — 

 Nicoria spengleri Gray, Cat. Shield Kept. Brit. Mus., I, 1855, p. 17 

 (China). — Boulenger, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., 1889, p. 120 (Sumatra; 

 Borneo; southern China?); Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), X, Oct. 1892, p. 302 

 (Okinawa); Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1893, p. 237 (Okinawa). — Fritze, 

 Zool. Jahrb. Syst., VII, 1894, p. 859; author's separate, p. 10 (Tokuchi- 

 mura, Okinawa). — Emys? spengleri Okada, Cat. Vert. Japan, 1891, p. 72 

 (Okinawa shima). 



1802. Testudo serrata Shaw, Gen. Zool., Ill, Pt. 1, p. 51, pi. ix, fig. 2 (no locality 

 given). 



1804. Testudo tricarinaia Bory de St. Vikcent, Voy. lies d'Afrique, II (p. 308, 

 pi. XXXVII, fig. 1). 



Description. — Female; U.S.N.M. No. 34053; Naha, Okinawa shima; 

 A. Owstoii collection. Snout short, not projecting, lateral profile 

 vertical, straight; edges of jaws not denticulated, upper jaw hooked 

 medially, without lateral notches; triturating surface of upper jaw 

 narrow without any longitudinal ridge ; mandibular symphysis shorter 

 than length of eye slit; head above covered with smooth skin; body 

 rather depressed, its depth being somewhat more than half the 

 width; carapace slightly wider behind, considerably emarginate in 

 front; three well-developed keels; shields (very badly eroded) with 

 distinct concentric lines; nuchal large, broader behind than in front, 

 broader than long; first vertebral pentagonal, slightly broader in 

 front than behind, as long as second and slightly longer than third 

 and fourth, all somewhat broader than long, and as broad as the 

 adjacent costals; edge of marginals from third to eighth slightly 

 turned up; anterior and posterior marginals with their posterior 

 corners greatly projecting, so as to make the anterior and posterior 

 outlines of the shell strongly serrate; first and second marginals 

 broadest; plastron flat, deeply emarginate behind, very obtusely 

 angulate in front with outer anterior corners of gulars projecting; 

 bridge angle gently rounded, shields smooth; posterior lobe slightly 

 longer than bridge, as wide as opening of shell; abdominal and pec- 

 toral seams subequal, longest, as long as humeral and gular together, 

 the latter shortest; femoral seam longer than anal, which in turn is 

 longer than humeral; axillary shield distinct, moderate; inguinal 

 shield wanting ; forearm anteriorly with large scales the tips of which 

 are pomted and projecting; web between toes emarginate; tail short, 

 rather broad, depressed, with seven pairs of ffat square shields on 

 upper surface toward the tip; base of tail and posterior aspect of 



oFor Lorentz Spengler, intendant of the Royal "Kunstkammer" in Copenhagen, 

 from whom Wahlbaum received a shell of this species. Spengler was a conchologist 

 of note. He was born in 1720 and died in 1807. 



