216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi 



38. PLEURONECTES QUADRITUBERCULATUS Pallas. 



Pleuronectea rpiadrituberculatus Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. , III, 1811, p. 423 

 (sea between Kamchatka and Alaska). — Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 

 p. 241.— Jordan and Gilbert, Synopsis, 1883, p. 836; FurSealExpL, III, 1898, 

 p. 491 (Robben I, Avatcha Bay). — Jordan and Evermann, Fish North Mid. 

 Amer., Ill, 1898, p. 2648 (Bering Sea; Robben I, etc.).— Schmidt, Pise. Mar. 

 Orient, 1904, p. 239 (Gulf of Aneiva, Gulf of Sakhalin, Popora). 



ParophTysf quadrituberculatus Gunther, Cat., LV., 1862, p. 456. 



Plalessa qiiadrituberodata Jordan and Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 1889, 

 p. 292. 



Pk'uronecte^ paUasii Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., VIII, 1879, p. 45 (Kamchatka). 



Habitat. — Bering Sea, Japan Sea, south to Southern Sakhalin. 



Head, 3f ; depth, 2. D. 68; A. 50; scales, 78. Mouth very small, 

 with small, incisor-like teeth, rounded at tip. Eyes separated by a 

 narrow ridge; about 5 small, prominent, conical, obtuse, bony tubercles 

 in a row above the opercle, continuous with the direction of the lat- 

 eral line, which is straight, without accessory dorsal branch; tubercle 

 above opercle largest. Scales small, cycloid in all specimens exam- 

 ined. Anal spine present. Grayish, mottled with paler and with 

 round black spots; tins very dark. Bering Sea on both coasts, south 

 to Kodiak and Okhotsk Sea. Our specimens from Avatcha Bay, 

 Bristol Bay, Herendeen Ba}^, Chernofsky Harbor, Grantley Harbor, 

 Chignik Bay, and Robben Island. The above description from a small 

 specimen (Cat. No. 2802.5, U.S.N.M.) collected by Mr. W. J. Fisher at 

 Kodiak. The species proves to be a true Pleuronectes., having the 

 lower pharyngeals narrow, separate, with 2 rows of bluntish teeth. 



{quadrituherculat'us., having four tubercles.) 



24. LIOPSETTA Gill. 



LiopseUa Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 217 {glaber); females. 

 Euchalarodus GihL,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 222 {putnami); males. 



Teeth chiefly uniserial, incisor-like; scales imperfectly imbricated, 

 rough ctenoid in the male, more or less cycloid in the female (tin rays 

 seal}' in the male, naked in the female); lower pharyngeals very large, 

 more or less united in the adult, their surface somewhat concave, with 

 teeth in 5 or 6 rows, large, blunt, close set; lateral line without arch 

 or dorsal branch. This genus comprises several species of small floun- 

 ders of the Arctic seas. The genus is distinguished by the large, half- 

 united pharyngeals, as also by the peculiar squamation, the scales in 

 the males being very rough, in the females smooth. This difl'erence 

 has given rise to the nominal genus Euclmlarodus., based on the males, 

 while Lwpsetta was based on the smoother females, which were erro- 

 neously supposed to be scaleless. 



(Affo?, smooth; tjnjrra.^ flounder.) 



KEY TO SPECIES. 



a. Dorsal rays 59 to 62; anal 45 to 46; scales 80, dark brown, the finn barred .obscura. 39 

 act. Dorsal rays 58; anal rays 38; scales 70; l)r()wn, the fins ))arred pinnifasciata. 40 



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