NO. 1484. JAPANESF. FLOUNDERS AND SOLES— JORDAN & STARKS. 239 



54. CYNOGLOSSUS ROBUSTUS Giinther. 



Cynoglossus robKstvs GItnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1<S7:3, p. 248 (Shanghai). 

 (D. loO. Scales 83. )— Steindachner, Reise Aurora, 1896, p. 219 (Kobe).— 

 Jordan and Snyder, Cheok List, 1901, p. 123. 



Habitat. — Coasts of Japan and North China, north to Tokyo. 



Head, from -If to 5 to l)a.se of caudal; depth, 3f to 3|. Upper, eye, 

 Vl\ to 13i in head. Dorsal, 122 to 127; anal, 96 to 100. Scales from 

 opposite gill opening, 69 to 71. 



Upper jaw moderately hooked, the point of hook reaching to below 

 anterior nostril, or a little anterior to this point. Lips not fringed; 

 fine teeth in bands on blind side of both jaws. Anterior nostril of 

 e3^ed side in a tube, the posterior nostril wider, without a tu})e, its 

 position on interorbital space just behind front of eyes. Both nostrils 

 of blind side in short tubes, the posterior are«mch the wider. Upper 

 eye slightly in advance of lower; interorbital space slightly concave, 

 covered with scales, its width equal to vertical diameter of upper ej^e. 



Ventral -1 rayed, broadly joined to the anal; its rays closer together 

 than the anal rays, and its distance from anal somewhat greater than 

 distance between anal ra3'S. Outline of dorsal and anal unbroken 

 around caudal. Scales ctenoid on posterior part of eyed side of body; 

 cycloid on anterior part and on blind side. Ten scales between lateral 

 lines at middle of bod}'; 76 to 79 longitudinal series of scales, count- 

 ing from the line of pores connecting upper and lower lateral lines (as 

 counted ])y Steindachner). 



Color uniform light brown; the fins darker brown, growing light at 

 edges; fins on blind side colorless. 



We have specimens of this species from Tokyo, Kobe, Onomichi, 

 and Nagasaki; the largest 36 cm. in length. 



It is the largest and most abundant of the Tongue-fishes in flapan, 

 next to ZTslnosita jajionica. It is valued as a food-fish. It is some- 

 what doubtful whether the Japanese species is indentical with the 

 Chinese form called rohustus. 



{I'ohuKtHs., strong.) 



55. CYNOGLOSSUS BRUNNEUS Regan. 



Cynoglossus brunneus Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1905, p. 26 (Inland Sea of 

 Japan ) . 



Hah /tat. — Coasts of southern .lapan. 



Head, -11 in length; depth, 4. Eye, 7i in head; snout, 2|. Dorsal, 

 129; anal, 104; scales, 74. 



Interorbital width 3 times in eye. Tv/o nostrils on eyed side, one 



between anterior parts of eyes, the othei' in front of lower eye. 



Maxillary extending to below posterior nrirgin of eye; rostral hook 



extending to below mandibulary sjmphysis. Two lateral lines on 



Proc. N. M. vol. xxxi— 06 16 



