NO. 1499. THE HERRINGS OF JAPAN-JORDAN AND HERRE. 621 



Alhula parr [i' CvyiKR and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 1846, p. 339 (Mar- 

 tinique, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro). 



Alhula goreensis Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 1846, p. ,342 

 (Gorea). 



Alhula neoguinaica Ouviek and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 1846, p. 350 

 (New Guinea). 



Alhula seminuda Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss, XIX, 1846, p. 351 

 (New Guinea). 



Alhula erythrocheilos Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 1846, p. 352, 

 pi. cxL (Tonga). 



Alhula forsteri Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 1846, p. 354 (Tahiti). 



Alhula rostrata Gronow, Cat. Fishes, 1854, p. 189 (American ocean, etc.). 



Alhula conorhyndius GtJNTHER, Cat. VII, 1868, p. 468. 



Alhula vulpes Jordan and Gilbert, Synopsis, 1883, p. 258. — Jordan and Evermann, 

 Fish. North Mid. Am., I, 1898, p. 411. — Jordan and Evermann, Fishes of 

 Hawaiian Islands, 1903 (1905), p. 55, fig. 9 (Honolulu, Hilo). 



Ilahitat. — Shores of all tropical seas. 



Head 3f ; depth 4. D. 15; A. 8; scales 9-71-7. Upper lobe of cau- 

 dal the longer. A broad band of peculiar, elongate, membranaceous 

 scales along middle line of back; accessory ventral scale large. Bril- 

 liantly silver}' ; olivaceous above; back and sides with faint streaks 

 along the rows of scales; fins plain: axils dusky. Length 18 inches 

 to 3 feet. Tropical seas, on sandy coasts, almost universally distrib- 

 uted and generall}^ abundant, ranging northward to Nagasaki in Japan. 

 One specimen found in the Tokyo market. 



{vulpes^ fox.) 



Family IV. CHANID^. 



Body oblong, compressed, covered with small, firm, adherent scales. 

 Lateral line distinct. Abdomen broad and flattish. Snout depressed; 

 mouth small, anterior, the lower jaw with a small symphyseal tuber- 

 cle; no teeth; premaxillar}^ joined to upper anterior edge of maxillary. 

 Eye with an adipose eyelid. Gill membranes broadl}' united, free 

 from the isthmus. Branchiostegals 4; pseudobranchife well devel- 

 oped; an accessor}' branchial organ in a cavity behind the gill cavity. 

 Dorsal fin opposite the ventrals; anal fin shorter than dorsal. Mucous 

 membrane of esophagus raised into a spiral fold; intestine with many 

 convolutions. Skeleton with various peculiarities. Coloration sil- 

 very. Vertebraj about 45. Large fishes of the warmer parts of the 

 Pacific. 



B. CHANOS Laeepede. 



C/!ano.s Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1803, p. 395 [arahicuR). 

 Lidodeira (Kuhl) Ruppell, Neue Wirbelthiere, 1835, p. 18 {chanos). 

 Ptycholepis Gray, Dieffenbach's Travels in New Zealand, II, p. 218, about 1842 

 {salmonetis) . 



Characters of the genus included above. 



{xdrog^ name in modern Greek, from x^'^'^s, the open mouth). 



