62(^ PROCEEDINGS OF TEE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi. 



Habitat. — East Indies, north to southern eTapan. 



Head -J:; depth 2i to 2|; D. lO, A. 20-22 (besides two rudiments); 

 scales 19-46 to 50; eye 4 in liead, about as lonj^ as snout; gape twice 

 as wide as deep, overhung by the snout; gill rakers rather short; 

 abdominal scutes 15+13. 



Silver}^, bluish above, the middle of each row of scales above darker, 

 this forming faint longitudinal streaks above; usually a blackish spot 

 behind opercle; dorsal and caudal dusky behind. 



This species, common on the coasts of China and south to India and 

 the East Indies, has been once taken in Japan, three specimens being 

 secured at Urado near Kochi in Shikoku b}' Dr. Hugh M. Smith. 



Jordan and Seale were apparently in error in the identification of 

 this species with Clupea thrlssa Linnaeus. In the original diagnosis, 

 quoted from Lagerstrom, 28 anal rays are counted. This number 

 occurs in the Chinese species, Konosirus inaculatds (Richardson), w^hich 

 species should stand as Konoshnis thrissa. The thrlssa oi Lacepede, 

 after Broussonet, the type of his genus Clupanodo)^ is the West Indian 

 Opisthonema, or rather Clupanodon (xjlinus. 



{yiasus., nose.) 



Family VI. CLUPEID^. 



HERRINGS. 



Body oblong or elongate, more or less compressed, covered with 

 cycloid or pectinated scales. Belly sometimes rounded, sometimes 

 compressed, in which case it is often armed with bony serratures. 

 Head naked, usually compressed. Mouth rather large, terminal, the 

 jaws about equal; maxillaries forming the lateral margins of the upper 

 jaw, each composed of about three pieces. Premaxillaries not pro- 

 tractile; teeth mostly small, often feeble or wanting, variously arranged. 

 Adipose eyelid present or absent. Gillrakers long and slender; gill 

 membranes not connected, free from the isthmus. No gular plate. 

 Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Branchiostegals usually few (6 to 

 15). Posterior lower part of opercular region often with an angular 

 emargination, the tips of the larger ])ranchiostegals being abruptly 

 truncate. Pseudobranchite present. No lateral line. Dorsal fin 



KONOSIRUS THRISSA (Linnaeus). 



Mystus corpore ovato {Clnpea triza) Lagerstrom, China, about 1750, p. 30 (China; 



A. 28). 

 Clupea thrimi Osbeck, Iter. Chinensis, 1757, p. 257 (China; A. 24; pre-Linnten). 

 Cluj^ea thrissa Linn.eus, Syst Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 318. (Diagnosis after 



Lagerstrom; name after Osbeck). 

 Chato'i'ssns oshecll CvviEU and Valenciennes, Poiss., XXI, 1848, p. 106 (China; 



snout much shorter than in C. nnsuK; body more oblong; A. 24; may be 



K. 2>unctatm) . 

 Chatmssus triza, chnjmplenn^, and nHicnlatns, Kichardson, Ichtb. China, pp. 307, 



308 (Canton). 

 Chatoessus rnaculatus GvniTHER, Cat. VII, 1868, p. 409 (Formosa). 



