632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi. 



herrino- have oreat econoniic importance. We have specimens from 

 Aomori, Otaru, jVIatsushima, Kushiro, Same, Petropaulski {Albatross), 

 and Hakodate. 



lO. SARDINELLA Cuvier and Valenciennes. 



Sardinella Cuvier and Valenciennes, Poiss., XX, 1847, p. 261 {aurila). 

 Amhbjgaster BhEEKER, Jour. Ind. Arch., Ill, 1849, p. 72 {dupeoides). 

 Sardinia Poey, Memorias, II, 1860, p. 311 {pseudohispanica) . 



This genus is close to Ch/j)ea, which it resembles in the elongate 

 form and weak ventral serratures, differing in the form of the body and 

 in the feeble skeleton. Vomer toothless, the teeth in the jaws mostl}' 

 weak. Scales thin, deciduous. Adipose eyelid present. Gill rakers 

 verv numerous. Species chiotl}^ contined to the two temperate zones, 

 all closely related to the P^uropean Sardine, Sardinella pilchardus, and 

 agreeing with it in the rich and delicate flesh; less firm than that of 

 related species and much richer in oil. Species marine, not anadro- 

 mous, known in Japan as Iwashi or Sardine. As Sardinella aurita, 

 the type of Sardinella seems to be a true sardine, Sardinella must 

 take the place of Sardinia. Clupanodon., a name sometimes used for 

 this group, is strictly a synonym of Opisthonema^ and has priority 

 over the latter name for the American genus. 



{Sardinia., a sardine.) 



II. SARDINELLA MELANOSTICTA (Schlegel). 

 IWASHI (SARDINE I. 



Clupea melanosticla Schle<;el, Fauna Japon. Poiss., 1846, p. 237, p]. cvii, fig. 3 

 (Nagasaki). — Gunther, Cat. Fiyh., VII, p. 430 (China, Japan). — N.\miye, 

 Class. Cat., 1881, p. 108 (Tokyo).— Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 8 (Tokyo, 

 Nagasaki ) . 



Clupanodon melunost ictus .Tordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1901, p. 349 

 (Tokyo). 



(?) Clupea csendeoviUata Rich ARDSos, Ichth. Chin., 1846, p. 305 (Canton). 



Hahitat. — Shores of southern Japan and China. The Chinese 

 species Sardinella cser^uleoviUata is apparently the same, but SchlegePs 

 name of the same date has page precedence. 



Head, 4tt to 4^ in length to base of caudal; depth, to 7; D., 16 to 

 IT; A., IT; P., IT; V.,8; scales in lateral line about 45; eye, including 

 adipose eyelid, 3 in head; snout, 4^; mandible, If; interorbital space, 

 5; maxillary, 21; P., li to If in head, 8 in total length; V=, 2| in head; 

 caudal peduncle rounded, its least depth 3f in head. 



Bod}^ elongate, subcjxlindrical; head elongate, compressed, pointed, 

 slightl}^ flattened above; snout rather short and blunt. Eye large, 

 covered by the thick adipose eyelid; mouth small, terminal somewhat 

 oblique, the lower jaw projecting. Teeth wanting, except on tongue, 

 which is covered with bands of excessively minute teeth, and a median 

 row^ of larger, but still very small teeth. Maxillary extending poste- 



