634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi. 



12. HARENGULA ZUNASI Bleeker. 

 ZTJNASHI: SAPPA. 



Clupea kowal Schlegel, Fauna Japon. Poiss., 1846, p. 235, pi. cvii, fig. 1 (Omura, 

 Nagasaki) (not of Riippell). 



Ilarengula zanasi Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen., XXVI, Japan, 1854, p. 117 (Naga- 

 saki). — LsHiKAWA, Pre]. Cat., 1897, p. 8 (Tokyo, Bingo, Chikugo). — Jordan 

 and Starks, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1905, p. 193 (Gensan, Korea). 



Clupea zunasi GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish., VII, 1868, p. 451 (Nagasaki). — Namiye, 

 Class. Cat., 1881, p. 108 (Tokyo). 



SardeneUa zunasi Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, 

 p. 349 (Tokyo). 



Hahitat. — Sandy shores of southern Japan, north to Hokkaido. 



Head nearly 5 in length; depth a little le.ss than 4 in length; D. 17; 

 A. 19; P. 15; V. 8; scales 40 to 44; eye 2i in head; snout 4; inter- 

 orbital space 3i; mandible, a trifle more than ;2; pectoral \\\ V. equal 

 to mandible; caudal peduncle compressed 2^. 



Body deep, much compressed, the belly sharp; dorsal and ventral 

 profiles both convex, the latter strongly so. Head rather small, com- 

 pressed, flattened above; snout short, blunt; eye rather large; mouth 

 terminal, almost vertical, the lower jaw projecting; mandible nearly 

 covered by the broad maxillar}^ which extends backward almost as far 

 as center of orbit. Tongue with a median line of very small teeth; 

 lower jaw with a single row of minute teeth which are also sparingly 

 present on posterior part of palatines. 



Gill openings large, membranes free from isthmus; gill rakers 

 numerous, fine, slender, longer than gill filaments; pseudobranchise 

 present, rather shoit. 



Scales thin, close-set, rather large, more or less deciduous, the 

 margin entire; abdominal scutes present, each prolonged backward 

 into a sharp spine; head naked, preopercle with radiating branching 

 mucous canals beneath eye. 



Origin of dorsal to tip of snout a little more than one-third of total 

 length; distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal equal to distance 

 from posterior end of dorsal base to origin of caudal; anal fin small, 

 its origin distant from base of caudal by a space equal to length of 

 head; caudal deeply emarginate, rather long; pectorals small, about 

 twice eye; ventrals quite small, inserted below middle of dorsal, their 

 length contained 1| times in that of pectoral. 



Color, dark lustrous greenish above, sides brassy or silvery, often 

 with an opalescent lustre. Fins yellowish to pale; no dark blotches. 



This species is common in the shallow bays of southern Japan, and 

 is often seen in the markets; we have specimens from Tokyo, Ono- 

 Qiichi, Tomakomai, in Hokkaido, VVakanoura, Nagasaki, and Tsuruga. 



The species strongly resembles Hartiigula humeralis and other 

 scaled sardines of America. 



{zunashl. the Japanese name.) 



