NO. 1495. 



OBSERVATIONS ON ORANG SKULLS— HRBLICKA. 



551 



The mastoid is differentiated, though less so than in man; it is also 

 larger in the males. 



Facial features. — The nasal bone is in all the specimens single, but in 

 several of the youngest skulls there can be traced a former median ver- 

 tical fissure. In several cases the free border shows two lateral fissures, 

 but these have nothing to do with an original, central separation of 

 two nasal components. The })one varies more than any other part of 

 the face in shape and breadth, though in general it tapers from below 

 upward, with a constriction (in most specimens) near the middle. In 

 one of the series it is quite rudimentary (fig. 1). 

 Selenka found various grades of deficiency to a 

 complete absence of these bones in several of his 

 specimens.'' 



The nose as a whole is leptorhynic, due to the 

 height of the face. The aperture in the nearly 

 grown-up and adult animals difi^ers in shape from 

 verticall}" elliptical to nearly triangular; it varies 

 in breadth in the adults from 2.5 to 3.2 cm. in the 

 males and from 1.9 to 2.5 cm. in the feuiales. The 

 so-called simian gutters do not occur in the young- 

 est female, but in the other specimens are generally 

 present, though shallow. The inferior Iwundar}^ 

 of the nose is mostly widely convex, but in several 

 specimens (as, for instance, in No. 112199) it is 

 limited by an easil}" appreciable ridge. 



Nearly all of the specimens show a more or less pronounced eleva- 

 tion corresponding to, and very evidently morphologically identical 

 with, the nasal spine in human skulls.'' This elevation is particularly 

 prominent (over 3 mm, high) in the female orang (No. 112109), being 

 fully as large and well formed as in occasional human crania (fig. 2). 



The malar l)ones were examined particularl}" for divisions, but not 

 a trace was found of either sutures or fissures. There was also a 

 complete absence of the maxillary and zygomatic processes which, as 

 W. Gruber first pointed out, in man frequently extend over the ven- 

 tral surface of the malar, occasionally forming a complete bony arc. 

 In No. 112169, however, are present on the right side two good-sized 

 accessory ossicles, one in the zygomatic and the other at the inferior 

 extremity of the malo-maxillary articulation (fig. 3).'' 



The symph3^sis of the lower jaw'^ is invariabh^ receding from above 



« Menschenaffen, pp. 48, 49. 



^ Concerning this point see particularly E. T. Hamy, De I'epiue nasale dans I'ordre 

 des primate?, Bull. Sue. d'Anthropol. de Paris, IV, 1869, pp. 13-28. 



'■Compare W. Gruber, in the Arch. f. Anat., Physiol., etc., 1873, p. 337. 



f'For detail discussion on the mandible of apes see O. Walkhoff, Der Unterkiefer 

 des Anthropomorphen und des Menschen in seiner funktionellen Entwickelung und 

 Gestalt, in Pt. 4 of Selenka' s Studien u. Entwickelungsgeschichte d. Tiere, Wies- 

 baden, 1902. 



Fig. 1. — Rudimentary 

 nasal bone in the 

 female adult orang. 

 (Cat. No. 142191 U.S. 

 N.M.) (Exact size). 



