NO. 1495. 



OBSERVATIONS OX ORANG SKULLS— HRDLICKA. 



553 



The vertical ramus in the females approaches in form the same part 

 of the human jaw; in males the posterior border shows a marked 

 rou^h curve or process, produced by the attachment of the powerful 

 internal pter^^goid muscle and the stylo-mandibular lio-anient. 



Base of the skull. — The palate approaches ov^oid in form — narrower 

 oehind than in front, or it is elliptical, or U-shaped. The intermaxil- 

 laries are still wholly separated in No. lil:2171, and the palatal part of 

 their articulation is more or less visible in all the adolescents. The 

 nares are spacious, of somewhat greater height than breadth. The 

 external pterygoid plates are everted; the pterygoid fossa is some- 

 times deep (as, for instance, in 

 No. 142192); sometimes very 

 shallow (as in the case of 

 No. 142195). The glenoids 

 are broad and shallow, and are 

 bounded externally by the 

 large zj'gomatic tuberosity, 

 posteriorly by a well devel- 

 oped post-glenoid process, and 

 mesially by a pronounced 

 tuberosity, formed by that 

 part of the temporal which 

 lies next to the petrous Ijone. 

 This elevation, but feebl}' rep- 

 resented in human crania, 

 seems to take in part the place 

 of the spinous process, which 

 in the orangs is nearly or 

 wholly absent. The eminen- 

 tia articularis is very low. 

 The floor of the auditor'}^ 

 meati shows no dehiscence. 



The surface of the basilar process is, viewing the base of the skull 

 from a])ove, generally on a lower level than the more elevated parts 

 of the petrous portions of the temporal; and these portions extend 

 forward well upon the body of the sphenoid, leaving only a small side- 

 slit for the middle lacerated foramen. These two features, to which 

 the writer briefl}^ drew attention before." constitute a very good index 

 of the relative development of the brain and skull. In an intellectual 

 white man the petrous portions, looked at from above, are decidedly 

 sunken below the level of the neighboring parts, which ofl'ered less 



« Certain Racial Characteristics of the Base of the Skull. (Abstract.) Kept. 

 Section Anthropology and Psychology, N. Y. Acad. Sci., Science, Feb. 22, 1901. p. MOO. 



Fig. 3. — The right molar of female oeang (Cat. Nd. 

 142169 U.S.N.M.), showing accessory ossicles at 

 .(• and y. 



