1 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 66 



d\ Spinous dorsal with a large roundish black blotch on the first three 



spines; the remainder of fin rosy-silvery with a row of white 



spots at base ; horizontal stripes on body dusky, consisting of 



rows of blackish spots, these actually aggregates of minute black 



punctations and not developed in the young, small specimens 



being faintly striped with silvery ; no yellow on body anywhere ; 



opercular spines small, subequal ; preopercular spine short ; anal 



spine strong ; body more slender than in other species ; mouth 



large, the maxillary reaching to below middle of eye__ sammara. 



d'. Spinous dorsal without distinct black blotch anteriorly on a fin 



otherwise pale ; horizontal stripes on body white, silvery, or 



yellow. 



e\ Horizontal stripes along sides of the body white on a red ground ; 



lower opercular spine not longer than upper. 



f. Spinous dorsal uniform dark red ; opercular spines sharp, the 



upper much the longer ; body relatively slender ; stripes on 



body sharply marked; no yellow in life xantherythrus. 



f. Spinous dorsal variously shaded or spotted, not uniform red; 



size small. 



g^. Spinous dorsal very dark red to black, with a curving or 



broken stripe of white along its middle ; body relatively 



robust ; upper opercular spine strong, longer than lower ; 



stripes strongly marked diadema. 



g^. Spinous dorsal not as above; opercular spines short, sul)- 



equal. 



/i\ Dorsal fin low, the spines subequal, and the profile of the 



fin little convex, the fin red, with a row of pale spots 



along the membranes mesially ; stripes on body not 



sharply defined ; mouth rather large erythraeus. 



h'. Dorsal fin higher, its outline more convex ; dorsal mar- 

 gined above with blood red, this color becoming black 

 in spirits ; body pale, the white stripes rather conspicu- 

 ous; mouth small; preopercular spine short; opercular 

 spines small. 

 i\ Body not dusted over with blackish dots ; snout rather 

 pointed ; dorsal with a broad pale median shade, the 

 base darker ; anal spine strong, longer than the soft 



rays microstomus. 



i*. Body usually largely dusted over with fine dark specks or 

 punctulations ; opercular spines insignificant; anal 

 spine slender, sometimes shorter than the soft rays, 

 sometimes longer (graciUspinis Fowler) ; smallest of 



the Hawaiian species punctatissimus. 



e*. Horizontal stripes on body bright golden yellow ; lower opercular 



spine longer than upper, both sharp ; body rather slender ; 



mouth largo, the maxillary reaching to opposite middle of eye ; 



_ anal spine strong ; spinous dorsal golden red, the membranes 



of the first two spines blood-red ; axil of pectoral pale. 



scythrops. 

 c'. Opercle with a single strong spine ; color bright red ; the horizontal 

 stripes golden (becoming white in spirits) ; spinous dorsal low, 

 even, yellowish red ; soft fins with pale borders ; axil of pectoral 

 dark red ; preopercular spine moderate ; anal spine rather short and 

 slender ; body rather deep ; mouth large, the maxillary reaching 

 to below the middle of the eye ; eye large ensifer. 



i 



