ART. 35 MASTODONS FOUND IN TEXAS HAY 3 



front of the anterior socket to the front of the third molar is IOC 

 mm. The tooth itself was probably several millimeters longer thai 

 this. 



The hindmost molar is much injured. The rear is badly shattered, 

 so that most of the enamel of the fourth crest and of the talon is 

 missing. The enamel of the inner ends of the three front crests is 

 broken away. Notwithstanding the injuries, the structure of the 

 tooth is well shown on the anterior crests. The first crest is worn 

 down in front nearly to the base, and the part of the fourth crest re- 

 maining is well worn. When the second molar was yet in its place 

 both it and nearly the whole of the third molar were in action. The 

 length of the last molar is, allowance being made for the enamel 

 missing in front, 225 mm. ; the width at the second crest, 89 mm. The 

 anterior crest presents a single lake of dentine and this opens into 

 another surrounded by the enamel of the outer end of the second 

 crest. The outer ends of the three front crests and the remaining 

 part of the fourth display large trefoils. The enamel is about 7 mm. 

 thick and is much folded, especially at the base of the trefoils. The 

 inner ends of the crests present only a part of each figure produced 

 by wear. It will be seen from the illustration (pi. 3, fig. 1) that tre- 

 foils with small basal lobes are developed. 



It appears well to describe briefly the roots of this third molar: 

 In front, supporting the first crest, is one great fang, 70 mm. wide 

 near the crown and 179 mm. long, extending downward and backward 

 to opposite the middle of the length of the crown. Behind this is 

 a fang bearing the inner end of the second crest. The remainder of 

 the crown rests on the great hinder fang, 100 mm. long, 100 mm. fore 

 and aft near the crown, and 70 mm. at the distal end. The tips of 

 these fangs rest on the bone roofing the inferior dental canal. It 

 can hardly be that such powerful roots are required to hold the tooth 

 in its place. Their great extent and the direction taken suggest that 

 their purpose is to distribute over a great surface the pressure 

 brought to bear on the crown during mastication. 



On comparing the hindmost molar of this Cameron specimen with 

 that in the British Museum, one can hardly escape the conclusion 

 that they belong to the same species. 



3. On an upper molar found near WacOj Texas 



In 1917 ^ the writer provisionally referred an upper right second 

 molar, found near Waco, to the then newly described species Gam- 

 photherium elegans (now recognized as Anancus mirificus). This 

 second molar is now believed to belong to Anancvs hrasosiu.^. A re- 

 markable character of this tooth is the large hinder talon forming a 

 kind of half crest. 



sProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, p. 221, pi. 26, flg. 3. 



