I02 BULLETIN OF THE LABORATORIES 



the freestones of the middle Waverly in Ohio, He chronologically 

 somewhat above the Chemung and include the Catskill epoch. The 

 upper member doubtless includes equivalents of the base of the Bur- 

 lington sandstone. The Cuyahoga shale presents a problem still diffi- 

 cult of solution, but we suspect a surprise awaits geologists when it is 

 carefully studied. It is probable that the black or Ohio shale lies be- 

 low the horizon of the t\ pical Genesee. 



In conclusion, it seems that no better evidence were necessary to 

 convince one of the continuity of animal existence than that here af- 

 forded. Not only do rigid lines of stratigraphy break down, but 

 hard and fast specific distinctions are obliterated and we begin to see 

 how the retreating and advancing and ever-varying sea. flung the 

 shuttles back and forth, weaving the intricate pa' tern of historic 

 geology without ever breaking the thread of life or resetting the web. 

 But every new struggle brought out hitherto undeveloped possibil- 

 ities in life and, instead of perishing, life ever came off victor by virtue 

 of implanted aspiration and the environment of conscious force — God. 



Note: — After the first portion of this paper was in type, accumuUited ob- 

 servations place the stratigraphy of the lower portion of the series on a more 

 definite footing, showing the nodule laye.' so often mentioned to lie about 40 feet 

 below the hori^^on of Lei^pteria ortc.ni and Crenipecten subcardiformis, and 

 hence between 6o and 80 feet below the congl. I, at Union Station, south of 

 Granville. 



PLATE I. 



Fig I. Spirifer winchelli, sp. n.. small dorsal valve. 



Fig. 2. Spirifer, ^p? 



Fig. 3. Spirifer marumetms? 



Fig. 4. Cho7tetes gracilis? 



Fig- 5- ■ 



Fig. 6. Spirifer stnaliformis, var? 



Fig. 7. Syringothyris ntspidatus, var? 



Fig. 8 Spirifcrina solidirostris? 



Fig. 9. Modiola 7vaverlyensis, sp. n. 



Fig. 10. Pleurotoniaria strigillata, sp. n. 



Fig. II. .? 



Fig. 12. Conocarditim pulchellnm. 



Fig. 13, Streblopteria media, sp. n. 



Fig. 14. Ctenodonta iowensis. 



Fig. 15. Internal cast of same species as Fig. 10. 



