46 BULLETrX OF THE LABORATORIES 



'Lower Berea shale is the Upper Berea shale (I4), which is the most 

 fossiliferous zone yet found in' the Waverly of Central Ohio ; it is well 

 exposed at Moots' Run, Licking County, where over seventy species 

 have been found ; it is an excellent base to work from, as it extends 

 from the Ohio river to Lodi, Medina County. Lying on this, and 

 forming the top of division I, is the Waverly shale ; the fauna of this 

 portion is remarkable for not containing more than ten species of gas- 

 teropods and brachiopods among the thirty-five species which have been 

 described from it. The typical locality for this subdivision is the 

 quarry on Raccoon creek, near the Dugway. three miles west of New- 

 ark, Ohio. At the close of this period conglomerate 1 was deposited, 

 which also inaugurated division IL This division is separable into 

 two distinct portions. Subdivision II i, is the freestone from which 

 most of the rock for building purposes is obtained ; Syringotheris ca fieri 

 and Cretiipccten winchelli are characteristic species. Above this, and 

 underlying conglomerate II, is a band of shale (II2) seven feet thick. 

 Allot isiiia UHiu hcili d^wdi Sangiiiiwliies obliquus are characteristic species 

 of this layer. At the close of division II, conglomerate II was depos- 

 ited, the conditions attending the deposition of which were subject to 

 fewer breaks than those accompanying conglomerate I, as shown by 

 the fact that some of the fossils of II2 occur also in conglomerate II, 

 and even somewhat higher, while conglomerate I contains not a single 

 lamellibranch or other remains, except a few brachiopods. Division 

 III is separated into three portions, the first being well exposed at a 

 quarry one and one-half miles south of Newark, Ohio, where it is five 

 feet thick and is easily identified by means of the conglomerate which 

 underlies it. Orhiculoidea pie it rites and Allorisma consanguinatus are 

 characteristic sjjecies. The second part of division three (III2) is well 

 exposed at the water works reservoir one mile north of Newark. It 

 is here one hundred feet thick. S. stinitiformis and Sc/iizodus newiirk- 

 ensis are characteristic fossils. Resting upon this and forming the top 

 of the Waverly formation is about 25 feet of sandstone containing 

 Phillipda serraticaudata, Spirifer keokuk, and Prodiictus rushvillensis, 

 with several other forms j^eculiar to it. The theory advanced by Prof. 

 Herrick, for the origin of these conglomerates and the different faunal 

 representations accomjjanying them, is, that there were a series of 

 oscillations greatest in Central Ohio and lessening in intensity as we 

 go north. When the first upheaval took place the central Waverly 

 area was raised up and conglomerate I was deposited, resulting in the 



