OF DENISON UNIVERSITY. 9 



south of lake Erie, and it is only in that way that we can account for 

 the occurrence of conglomeritic beds and other higher horizons, 

 which are not represented in northern Ohio, but which nevertheless 

 reappear in Pennsylvania. To Prof. C. L. Herrick we are greatly 

 indebted for the determination of the different zones of the Wav- 

 erly, and more particularly of their faunal characteristics. The stu- 

 dent desiring to obtain some conception of the evolution of biolog- 

 ical forms from the Devonian to the Carboniferous, together with an 

 exact idea of the stratigraphic relations in this formation, is referred 

 to the Bulletins of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University 

 volumes III-V, and volume VII of the Ohio State Geol. Survey. 

 While the increasing thickness of the upper Waverly formation to- 

 ward southern Ohio points in that direction as from which sediments 

 were borne, we are apparently confronted with the fact that the 

 rivers which deposited the conglomerates came from the northeast. 

 They differ from the beds forming the Chemung conglomerates in the 

 comparative restriction of their areas and manner of deposition, but 

 are so closely allied lithologically as to point towards a 

 common source of origin. In the Waverly all that we 

 know definitely of the upper conglomerate which may repre- 

 sent a repetition of the lower member is that it was deposited m the 

 deepening sea near Portsmouth. Ohio, and along a north and 

 south line east of Newark, through Mount Vernon, near Indepen- 

 dence which is about twelve miles southeast of Mansfield, where it 

 was at one time confused with the Carboniferous conglomerate 150 

 feet higher, and having on both its east and west sides broad and grad- 

 ually decreasing deposits. A section at a right angle to this line of de- 

 posits at Lyon's falls near Independence shows a layer forty feet thick 

 thinning out very rapidly east and west. At the '-Back bone" one mile 

 east it is only two feet thick, while it entirely thins out westward. 

 It disappears under the coal measures northeast of Wooster, and we 

 are left to speculate as to its further course, and origin. It may be 

 tliat some of the sub Olean conglomerates in northwestern Pennsyl- 

 vania belong to the same horizons, but this remains to be verified. 



The beds of sandstone overlying conglomerate II near Black 

 Hand occasionally contain pieces of chert, which is characteristic of the 

 St. Louis formation at New Providence Indiana. It is very suggestive 

 as showing the direction taken l)y some of the currents which de- 

 posited the upper Waverly, besides furnishing an index as to the age 



