12 ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS. 



lacubus non infrequens, praesertim per campos Ischimenses et Baraben- 

 868 copiosior. Borealiores regiones vix videtur adire." No special men- 

 tion is made of its occurrence in Eastern Asia, and to any one familiar 

 with Pallas's work and the explicit way in which he describes the hab- 

 itat of birds also found in that region the above reference is ample 

 proof that Pallas did not know of its occurrence in Eastern Siberia. 

 The description of the colors applies just as well to one form as to the 

 other, and needs therefore no further consideration. But not so the 

 measurements. He gives the total length as 15 inches 7 lines, wing as 

 6 inches 7 lines, tarsus 1 inch 9 lines, outer toe 2 inches 8 lines ; while 

 the eastern form has these corresponding dimensions, 20 inches, nearly 

 8 inches, 2^ inches, and 3 inches, while his measurements agree closely 

 with those of European birds. The length of " rostrum " is given as 2 

 inches, which probably means the length along the commissure, which 

 in the eastern form is more than 2| inches long. 



This disposes of Pallas's cucullatus. 



Mr. Severzow suggests that the so-called C. longirostris Bp., of which 

 specimens are known from Italy, may possibly belong to the East- Asi- 

 atic form, having straggled as far as Italy. Th. Salvadori has left us a 

 good account of a specimen of the Italian bird accompanied by meas- 

 urements. (Catal. Ucc. Sardegna, p. 136, Milan, 1864.) Judging from 

 what he says, the Mediterranean form must be something entirely differ- 

 ent, however. 



In the first place he describes the bill as different from that of grise- 

 gena by being recurved like that of "P. auritus Lath." * " verso I'apice 

 rivolto in alto come nel P. a,") a feature not at all shared by the East 

 Siberian form. Finally his measurements indicate quite different pro- 

 portions. With a bill of excessive length it combines general dimen- 

 sions inferior to those of the eastern form, although somewhat larger 

 than the common European bird, as a comparison of his measurements, 

 as given below, with those of eastern birds in the appended table of di- 

 mensions clearly proves. Here are the measurements of the specimens 

 in the museum at Cagliari as given by Salvadori : Commissure, 88°"" ; 

 exposed culmen, 76'""' ; from tip of bill to anterior border of nostrils, 63™" j 

 tarsus, 60'""' ; outer and middle toes, 72'"°' ; wing, 180""". The name G. 

 longirostris Bp. is not tenable, however, as the Sardinian bird certainly 

 is distinct from Bonnaterre's G. longirostris of 1790 (Enc. Meth. Orn., 



*iVieo Lin. Is the same as Colymbua nigricollui Brehm. 



