110 ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS. 



Family SCOLOPACID^. 

 37. Gallinago gallinago (Lin.). 



1758. — Scolopax gallinago Lin., Syst. Nat., 10 ed., I, p. 147. — Pall., Zoogr. Ross. As., II, 

 p. 174 (1826).— Temm. & Schleg., Fann. Jap. Aves (p. 112) (1849).— Mid- 

 DEND., Sibir., Reise, II, 2 (p. 224) (1853).— Sciirenck, Reis. Amiirl., I, p. 

 426(181)0).— Radde, Reis. Siid. Ost-SiUir., II, (p. 337) (1863).— Dybow. & 

 Parvex, J. f. Oru., 1868, p. 338.— Przew., Putescb., Us8ur.(n. 174) (1870).— 

 GaUinaijo g. Licut., Noineiicl. Mus. Ber., p. 93 (1854). 



1801. — Scolopax coelentis Frenzel, Bescbr. Vog. Wittenb. (p. 58). 



1616.— GalUiiayo media Leach, S.vist. Cat. M. B. Br., Mus. p. 31 (nee BoCK, 1779). — 

 SwiNH., Ibis, 1866, p. 294. — Wiiitkly, Ibis, 1867, p. 206. 



18.37. — Gallinago tiniclaviis Hogs., J. As. Soc. Beng., VI (p. 492).— SwiNii., Ibis, i860, p. 

 66. — Id., ibid., 1861, pp. 56, 343. — Id., ihid., 1862, p. 259.— Taczan , J. f.Orn., 

 1874, p. 325. — Id., ihid., 1875, p. 255. — Id., Ball. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 

 257.— Id., ihid., 1883, p. 340.— M., Orn., I'auu. Vost. Sibir., p. 59 (1877). 



1838. — Gallinago scolopacinus Bonap., Conip. List., p. 52. — Swinh., Ibis, 1863, p. 415. — 

 Id., ihid., 1865, p. 347.— /d., ibid., 1867, p. 234.— M, ihid., 1870, p. 362.-/(7., 

 ihid., 1874, p. 163.— /(?., P. Z. S., 1863, p. 314.— Finsch, Verb. Zool. Botan. 

 Ver. Wieu, 1872, p. 266.— Taczan., J. f. Orn., 1873, p. WG.— Id., ibid., 1874, 

 p. 336.— 7d., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 257.— Id., Orn. Fauna East. 

 Sibir., p. 59 (1877).— Blakist. & Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 222.— lid., Tr. As. 

 Soc. Jap., VIII, 1880, p. 197.— lid., ibpt., X, 1882, p. 114.~Seeb., Ibis, 1879, 

 p. 27. — Blakist , Amend. List B. Jap., p. 12 (1884.) 



1856. — Gallinago japonica Bonap., ConiiJt. Rend., XLIII (p. 579). 



1S5(3.— Gallinago bnrka Bonap., Compt. Rend., XLIII (p. 579).— Swinh., P. Z. S., 1863, 

 p. 314.— /d., Ibis, 1865, p. 231. 



? 1857. — Gallinago sttnnra Cassin in Perry's Exped. Jap. II, p. 227 {nee Temm.). 



1883. — Gallinago grallinaria? Stejneger, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, p. 69. 



The specimens collected by me Lave been carefully compared with a 

 good series of typical G. gallinago from Europe, several skins from Japan 

 and India, and a large series of G. wilsonii from ISTorth America, includ- 

 ing Alaskan specimens. The result has been that the Bering Island 

 birds, as also the Japanese, most decidedly belong to the European 

 species, both in regard to number of tail-feathers, white lining of the 

 wing, less heavy black cross-bars on the axillaries, less pronounced 

 cross-bars on the outermost tail-feathers, and the greater breadth of the 

 latter. In the birds from the Old World the outermost rectrices are 

 almost twice as broad a« those of G. wilsonii, a character which seems 

 to me to be the most reliable one for distinguishing the two forms. The 

 average length of the bill is greater in gallinago, but I have before me 

 specimens of G. wilwnii in which the bill is considerabljMonger than in 

 some from the Old World. Nevertheless the two forms are entitled to 

 full specific. rank. 



