38 . ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS. 



13. Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus (Pall.) 



1769.~Alca psittacula Pallas, Spicil. Zool., V (p. 13, pi. ii et pi. v, figg. 4,5,6).— 

 Lunda ps. Pall., Zoogr. Ross. As., II, p. 366.— OTJitria ps. Eschscholtz, 

 Zool. Atlas, IV (p. 3, tab. 17) (1831).— Middend., Sibir. Reise, II, 2 (p. 239) 

 (1853).— SwiNH., P.Z. S., 18G3, p. 331.— Brandt, Mel. Biol., VII, 1869, p. 

 237.— FiNSCH, Abh. Brem. Ver., Ill, 1872, p. 82.— Dybowski, Sitzb. Dorpat. 

 Naturf. Ges., 1881, p. —.—Id., Orn. Centralbl., 1882, p. 40.—Simorhynchu8 

 ps. SCHLEG., Mas. P. B. Urinat., p. 24 (IS6Z). —Phaleris ps. COUES in 

 Elliott's Aflf. Alaska, p. 204.— Elliott, Monogr. Seal Isl., p. 134 (1882).— 

 Blakist. & Pryer, Tr. As. Sec. Jap., X, 1882, p. 89.— Bean, Pr. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 1882; p. 171.— Nelson, Cruise Corwin, p. 115 (1883).— Blakist., 

 Amend. List B. Jap., p. 31 {l884).—Cyclorhynchm ps. Turner, Auk, 1885, 

 p. 159. 



imo.— Phaleris aleuticus Coinde, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1860, p. 403 {nee Pall., cfr., also 

 Bureau, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 49). 



In order to find out the types of the different generic and subgeneric 

 names of the group Phaleridince we will have to resort to the "method 

 of elimination." The matter then stands as follows : 



1819. Merrem is said to have established the genus Simorhynchus {nee 

 Keys & Blas., 1840, qui Terekia Bp.) upon A. cristatella Pall. As 

 early as 18G8 Dr. Coues asked, "Where is this genus named?" but no- 

 body seems to have been able to give an answer. Nor do I know whether 

 Merreta included more species than cristatella in this apocryphal genus. 

 Anybody having the opportunity of investigating the matter would 

 gain the lasting thanks of ornithologists by publishing the results — 

 preferably a full extract of Merrem's paper as lar as it relates to the 

 present question — in any of the standard ornithological periodicals.* 



1820. Temminck, in the second edition of his "Manual," established 

 the genus Phaleris, including two species, as he thought, but really 

 three, as A. tetracula is the young of a third species and not of psitta- 

 cula, as supposed by him. The three species arepygmceus (= cristatellus 

 Temm., I. c.)', psittaculus and cristatellus Pall. (= tetraculus Temm., I. 

 c.) The latter is already the type of Merrem's Simorhynchus, leaving for 

 Phaleris the other two, pygmwus and psittaculus. 



182G. It shall here only be remarked in passing that Boiet in this 

 year restricted the genus Phaleris to pygmwus {cristellaTEMM. (!), as he 

 calls it), including the other species nnder Fratercula. Alore conclusive 

 is that, in 



• Should ".<Stmor7( !/»(■/( «8 Merrbm, 1819." prove to be a myth only, Phaleris Temm. 

 would stand as the name of the genus with pygmaeus for type, while for cristatellus 

 should be adopted the subgeneric term Tyloramplius Brandt. 



t Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 980. 



