32 ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS. 



crevice of a rock. This would indicate that they pass the nights in 

 holes as long as they stay near land. 



When the breeding season is over, they, like all the allied forms, 

 retire to the open ocean, part of them at least, going to more southerly 

 latitudes to winter. That many stay in the neighborhood of the isluuds 

 is evident from the fact that I obtained numerous specimens at Bering 

 Island in December and January. A single female came near the 

 coast on December 14, 1882, and was shot; but from the 29th of the same 

 month nntil January 5, 1883, a few could be met with every day. 

 They could then be seen in small societies of two to four, swimming along 

 the rocky shores, alternately diving for food, which chicHy consisted of 

 Gammarids. When diving they raised themselves a little on the water, 

 and then made a sudden jump downward. The weather was not stormy, 

 but we had during that week a very coUl spell. Later in January they 

 became scarce, but a few sj)ecimens were secured, the last one on Jan- 

 uary 30. They ai)peared again at their breeding places during the lirst 

 days of May. 



Owing to the comparative scarcity of this species at Bering Island, 

 the natives there are not so familiar with it as are the Copper Islanders, 

 and have therefore no peculiar name for it, calling it sometimes the 

 "Malinka Konjuga'' {smuW S. eristatell us), or using the more general 

 and indefinite term " Petuschka." The inhabitants of Copper Island 

 have no Kussian name for it either, but it is well known to them under 

 the Aleutian name "Turuturk" (prououuce: Too roo-toork). 



11. Simorhynchus cristatellus (Pall.) 



1769. — Alca cristateUa Pallas, Spicil. Zool., V, p. 18, pi. iii, et pi. v, fi<j.s. 7, 8, 9. — 

 Uria c. Pall., Zoogr. Ross. As. II, p. 370 (1826). — Phaleria c. Schrkxck, 

 Reis. Amurl. I., p. 500, tab. xvi, figs. 4 aud 5 (1860). — Coinde, Eev. Mag. 

 Zool., 18t50, p. 402.— SwiNH., P. Z. S., 1863, p. 330.— Whitely, Ibis, 1867, 

 p. 209.— Daj.l & Baxnist., Tr. Cliicag. Acad., I, 1869, p. 309.— Call, Avif. 

 Aleut. Isl. Unal. eastw., p. 11 (1873). — /cZ., Avif. Aleut. Isl. west Uual., 

 p. 11 (1874).— Seeb., Ibis 1879, p. 21.— Blakist. & Pkyer, Tr. As. Soc. 

 Jap., YIII, 1880, p. 179.— lid., ihld. X, 1882, p. 89.— Palmex, Swed. Cat. 

 Lond. Fisli, Exh., p. 201 (18)!<3). — Blakist., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 31 

 (1884). — Simorhynchus c. ScHLEG., Mus. P. B. Urin., p. 25(1867). — Brandt, 

 Mel. Biol., VII, 1869, p. 223.— Finsch, Abb.Brem. Ver., Ill, 1872., p. 81.— 

 COUES, in Elliott's Atf. Alaska, p. 206 (1875).— Taczax., Orn. Fauu. Vost. 

 Sibir., p.74 (1877).--irf., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877, p. 51.— Zd., ibid., 

 1882, p. 398.— Dybowski, Sitzb. Dorpat. Naturf. Ges., 1881, p. — . — /d. 

 Orn, Centralbl., 1882, p. 28.— Id., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, p. 349.— El- 

 liott, Monogr. Seal Isl., p. 134 (1882).— Skeb,, Ibis, 1882, p. 368.— Bean, Pr. 

 U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, p. 171.— Nelson, Cruise Corwin, p. 116 (1883).— 

 Turner, Auk, 1885, p. Ib^.—Tylorhamphus c. Taczan., J. f. Orn., 1876, p. 

 203. 



