ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS. 25 



form ; they are situated a little liiglier, and the feathering of llie foce 

 is extending a trifle farther towards the hind margin of the nostrils 

 icitlwut reaching theniy however ; on the cnlmen the feathering goes fur- 

 ther forward, surpassing the posterior border of the nostrils, but so it 

 does in >S. pygmccus also ; the feathering of the mental angle advances 

 far in front of that on the upper mandible; the nostrils are roofed over 

 by a prominent nasal shield with a distinctly raised edge, quite similar 

 to that of S. pygmceus, and, like those of the latter, they are pervious; a 

 further similarity is the soft and naTced cere at the base of culmen, 

 which is rather larger than in S. pygmwus. The perfect similarity in the 

 structure of these parts makes it extremely probable that they are 

 periodically shed as in the Phaleridece. In a fresh specimen of Uria cal- 

 ifornica I find the nostrils situated near the tomia, linear and not roofed 

 b}' a prominent scale with raised lower margin; no soft cere is visible, and 

 the loral feathering fills the nasal groove considerably beyond the an- 

 terior angle of the nostrils, while on the culmen it recedes as far as the 

 posterior margin of the nostrils, the culmen thus forming an acute 

 angle into the feathering of the forehead ; the feathering of the mental 

 angle does not go beyond that of the nasal grooves. 



10. Simorhynchus pygmaeus (Gmel.) 



llS^.—Alca piigmaa Gmel., Syst. Nat., I, p. 555. — Plialeris p. Steph. Gen. Zool., XIII, 

 pt. i, p. 43 (ISvJo). — Simorhynchus p. Braxdt, Melauges Biol., VII, 1869, p. 

 228. — Nelson, Cruise Corwin, p. 116 (188:1).— Stejneger, Naturen, 1884, pp. 

 35, 55.— Turner, Ank, 1885, p. 159. 



IHOl.—AIca kamtschatica Lepechin, Nov. Act. PetropoL, XII, 1801 (p. 369, tab. 8).— 

 Simoihyiichus c. Schlegel, Mus. P. B. Urinat., p. 25 (1867). — Brandt, M6- 

 lanj^es Biol.. VII, 1869, p. 227.— Finsch, Abh. Brem. Ver., Ill, 1872, p. 81.— 

 Taczan., Orn. Faun. Vost. Sibir., p. 74 (1877). —Id., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 

 1877, p. 52.— Dybowski, Sitzb. Doipat. Naturf. Ges., 1881, p. —.—Id., Orn. 

 Centralbl., 18fe2, p. 41.— /rf.. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, p. Md.-Phakris 

 c. Blakist., Ameutl. List B. Jap., p. 31 (18»4). 



1S22.— Mormon cristatellus Cuvier, in Cboris' Voy. Pittor., AlcSout., p. 18, pi. xii {nee 

 Pallas).— P/mZemc. Temm., PI. Color., V, pi. 200 (1824). 



1823. — Mormon superciliosa Lichtenst., Doublettenverz., p. 89. 



1826. — Uria mystaaa Pall., Zoogr. Ross. As., II, ]>. 372. — Phaleris m. Cassin, Perry's 

 Exped. Jap., II, p. 234 (1857).— Swinh., P. Z. S., 1863, p. 331.— Blakist. & 

 Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 210 (part).— lid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., VIII, 1880, p. 179.— 

 lid., ibid. X, 1882, p. 89.— Seeb., Ibis, 1879, p. 21. 



1826. — Uria crinita Pall., Zoogr. Ross. As., I, p. 301, {nam. nudum). 



1826.— rhaleris cristella Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 980 {err. typ.). 



lS68.—Simoi-Iiynehus cai^sini CouES, Pr. Phil. Acad., 1868, p. 45.— Brandt, M61. Biol., 

 VII, 1869, p. 2,55.— Dall & Bannist., Tr. Chic. Acad., I, 1869, p. 309.- 

 Baird, Tr. Chic. Acad., I, 1869 (p. 324), pi. xxxi, fig. 2. 



My Studies of the moulting of the plumage are based upon twenty- 

 three specimens collected by me, consisting of birds in all ages and 



