126 ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS. 



Iccted since Erman's time tbej" have, in all probability, been confounded 

 with the latter species. A closer coiupar*isou will soon show how differ- 

 ent they are. 



(1) In T. nehularius only the outer toe is united with the middle one 

 by a membrane ; in Ps. guttifera both the outer and the inner toes are 

 united with the middle one by large webs. 



(2) In T. nehularius the tarsus is longer than the exposed culraen, while 

 in guttifera the tarsus is much shorter than the culineu. 



(3) In T. nehularius the naked part of the tibia is equal to the middle 

 toe without claw ; in Ps. guttifera it is much shorter, scarcely exceeding 

 the two basal joints of the middle toe. 



It will thus be seen that T. nehularius stands much higher on its legs 

 than Ps. guttifera. 



(4) In T. nehularius the bill is much more slender ; the gonys without 

 any distinct angle ; malar apex of the feathering on the lower mandible 

 does not extend in front of the loral apex of the feathering on the max- 

 illa. Ps. guttifera has a much stouter bill, broader and higher at the 

 base; at the beginning of the symphysis the gonys forms a distinct 

 angle; the malar apex extends in front of the loral apex. 



(5) In T. nehularius the under wing-coverts are gray or white, barred 

 or edged with dusky, while in Ps. guttifera nW the under wing-coverts 

 are pure white. 



(6) In T. nehularius the tail-feathers are white, except the two middle 

 ones, which are gray, and all more and less transversely banded or mot- 

 tled with dusky, except the lateral ones, which are nearly uniform white. 

 In Ps. guttifera all the tail-feathers are light gray, with a narrow sub- 

 marginal border of a somewhat darker gray, but without any transverse 

 spots or bars. 



(7) In T. nehularius the fore neck and throat are finely streaked with 

 small lanceolate blackish stripes, and the breast white, unspotted. In 

 Ps. guttifera, the fore neck and throat are similarly but less densely 

 streaked, while the breast is dotted with large rounded black spots. 



Besides these there are many other differences. T. nehularius is con- 

 siderably larger, the white of the lower part of the back reaches much 

 higher up on the back', the coloration of the dark parts of the upper 

 surface is different, &c., but the differences pointed out above will be 

 sufficient to convince the most skeptical that the two species are dis- 

 tinct, and will enable anybody to separate them with the ^reate^t 

 ease, 



