ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATION'S. 181 



bility that it may still be found on sonic uiiiubabited, never or seldom 

 visited, rock or island of the Aleutian chain, but it is altogether im- 

 ])rol)able that it should have escaped detection by such energetic and 

 successful travelers as Prof. W. H. Dall, Mr. L. M. Turner, and the 

 other gentlemen who have collected in thnt region. 



I myself have no doubt that we liave to register the Spectacled or 

 Pallas's Cormorant in the same category as the Great An]<.{Flantns im- 

 j)C)inis) and the Labrador Duck {Campfolaimus lahrndorhis), to which, 

 before long, several other species will have to be added. 



85. Phalacrocorax urile (Gmel.). 



1788. — Pelecanus urile Gmel., Syst. Nat., l,^.^^7b.—Carho {Pelecanus) urile Kittl., Isis 

 1832, p. 1104. 



1788. — l"? Pelecanus vioJaceus Gmel, Syst. Nat., p. .^)75 {nee Lawr., 18.58). — Phalacro- 

 corax V. Taczan., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, p. 341. 



18'2(i. — Phalacrocorax hicristatus Pall., Zoogr. Ross. As., IT, p. 301 {nee Temm. & 

 SCHLEG., i\u[ jnilafficus). — Kittl., Dcnkw., II, p. 224 (1858). — Id., J. f. Oru., 

 1858, p. 389.— SwiNiL, Ibis, 1874. p. 164.— Blakist. and Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. 

 Jap., X, 1882, p. 102.— Nelson, Cruise Corwin, p. 103 (1883).— Blakist., 

 Amend. List B. Jap., p. 10 (1884). — Graculus h. Baird, Tx- Chic. Acad., I, 

 1869 (p. 321, pi. 33).— I3ALL & Bannist., Tr. Chic. Acad., I., 1869, p. 302.— 

 FiNSCH, Al)h. Brem. Ver., Ill, 1872, p. 86.— Dall, Avif, Alent. Isl. west 

 Unal., p. 7 (1874).— CoxJES, in Elliott's Affairs Alaska, p. 192 (1875). 



1860. — Carbo pelayicus Coinde, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1860, p, 401. 



The name of the present species has been involved in great uncer- 

 tainty and confusion. Some authors have called it Ph. violaceus (Gmel.), 

 a name which, by the American ornithologists, almost unanimously has 

 been referred to what Pallas called Fh. pelagicns. The latter have 

 mostly used the appellation Mcristatns Pall., which, on the other hand, 

 by the authors of Fauna Japonica and many of their followers has been 

 misapplied to ijelagicus, wliile urile Gmel. was doubtfully referred to 

 the present species or to perspicillatus Pallas, or to both. 



This uncertainty as to the proper location of Gmelin's urile has arisen 

 from a slip of the pen on the side of the author of the "Arctic Zool- 

 ogy," which, like many other elephants, was swallowed whole by 

 Gmelin. 



Gmelin's Pelecanus urile is based entirely and solely upon the "Eed- 

 faced Corvorant, Arct, Zool., LJ, p. 584, C."; Red-faced Shag, Lath, fujn., 

 in, 2, p. GOl, n. 17; urile, Sfeller Camtschatc., p. 157," the latter quota- 

 tion evidently being referable to James Grieve's English edition of 

 Kraschenninikoff's "The History of Kamtschatka" (Gloucester, 17G4). 

 In the diagnosis he says: ^^guftureet orhitis alhis, facie nuda, et cwru- 

 lesccnte ruhra,''^ which, as compared with Pallas's diagnosis of Ph. per- 



