244 ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS. 



They breed at least twice durinj,^ the summer, and 1 suspect that the 

 young (No. 92G95), which I shot as late as the 8th of October, and which 

 still was partly downy, belonged to a third brood. 



No difterence in the note from that of the European bird could be de- 

 tected. 



It is not known that the Magpie has ever been met with on the islands. 



Family FRINGILLID^. 



109. Hypocentor aureolus (Pall.). 



1773.— Emheriza annola'PALi.., Rei.se Rnss. Reiclis., II, App. (p. 711).— Id., Zoogr. Ross. 

 Asiat., II, p. 52 (1826).— Kittl., Kupfert., p. 17, tf. 22, f. 1 (1833).— 7<i., 

 Denkwiird., II, p. 197(1858).— Middend.., Sibir. Reise, II, 2 (p. 138) (1853).— 

 SCHRENCK, Reise Amurl., I, p. 277 (I860).— Radde. Reisen Silclen Ost- 

 Sibir. (p. 157 tb. iv, fig. a-h) (1863).— SwiNH., Ibis, 1863, p. '378.— Id., ibid., 

 1870, p. 354.— Przew., Pntesch. Ussur. (no. 41) (1870).— Blak. & Pryer, 

 Tr. As. Soc. Japan, VIII, 1880, p. 230.— Id., ibid.,X, 1882, p. 170.— Blakist., 

 Amend. List B. Jap., p. 17 {1884).—Euspiza a. Swixii., Ibis, 1860, p. ()2.— 

 Id., ibid., 1861, pp. 45, 334.— M., ibid., 1875, p.451.— 7d., P.- Z. S., 1863, p. 

 354.— /rf., ibid., 1871, p. 387.— Dybow. & Parvex, J. f. Oru., 1868, p. 335.— 

 Taczan., J. f. Om., 1873, p. 90.— Id., ibid., 1874, p. 33b.— Id., Orn. Fauna 

 Vost. Sibil-., p. 38 (1877).— M, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 178.— /<?., 

 ibid., 1882, p. 393.— Blak. & Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 243.— Bolau, J. f. Orn., 

 1880, p. 127.— Id., ibid., 1881, p. 59.— Stejneger, Naturen, 1882, p. 182.— 

 Id., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, p. 71. 



This species is commonly given as Euspiza anreola, the name Euspiza 

 being ascribed to Bonaparte with the date 1838. In his Comp. List, 

 1838, Bonaparte, however, created the genus name for Emheriza ameri- 

 mnaGM.; but having employed for this species the name Spiza as early 

 as 1824 (Obs. Wils., No. 85, in Journ. Phil. Acad., IV, 1, August, 1824), 

 the latter must stand, and Euspiza becomes only its synonym. The con- 

 fusion arose from Bonaparte himself, who, in 1828 (Ann. New York 

 Lye), used the name Spiza for a genus having E. amcena for type, this 

 being renamed by Baird (B. N. A., p. 500), and called Cijanospiza^ as the 

 older appellation of Vieillot, Passerina was considered untenable be- 

 cause preoccupied by Linnaeus in Botany. In his Consp. Av., I, p. 468, 

 Bonaparte united E. aureola with americana in the same genus. A care- 

 ful comparison of the two forms will convince one, however, of their gen- 

 erical distinctness. /S^i^aawierimna has a much stouter bill, the mandible 

 especially being higher and more denuded at the base ; the feet are much 

 stouter and stronger, the tail proportionally^ shorter, less furcate, and 

 with the single feathers remarkably pointed, a feature not at all indi- 

 cated in aureola. Besides, only the second and third primaries are siu- 

 uated on the outer web, while in Eypochitor the fourth is also sinuated. 



