346 ORNITHOLOGTCAL EXPLORATIONS. 



way southward. Once in a while a single straggler is likely to be cap- 

 tured in the latter country, but they do not occur there regularly twice 

 a year when going south and north. Nor will the assumption of insuffi- 

 cient observations help us explain the absence of these species from the 

 Japanese fauna, several of the forms being so conspicuous that it i» 

 absolutely impossible they could have been overlooked if regularly pass- 

 ing through, as will be seen by an inspection of the table. A few forms, 

 nearly related to species breeding in Japan, may, perhaps, have been 

 overlooked in the latter country, and are therefore in the table indica- 

 ted by a "? in front of the name. 



Table XIV. Summer visitors to KamtschatJca which do not pass through 



Japan on their icay southward or northward. 



Sterna paradistea. ?Chelidon kamtschatica. 



fActodromas temminckii. Laniiis cri8tatu8(?) 



Pseudototanus guttifer. Erytlirosterua albicilla. 



Pavoucella puguax. Anthus gustavi. 



fCuculns peninsula}. Budytes flavus leucostriatus. 



Calcarius lapponicus. ?Phynopseustes horaeyeri. 



Carpodacus erythriuus grebnitskii. Cyanecula suecica 

 Chelidon tytleri. 



It is doubtful whether Butalis sihirica should not be included in this 

 list, as it does not seem to be common in Japan. As it has been taken 

 there, however, it has been thought safer to exclude it. 



From the above list is also omitted Emberiza schceniclus, since we do 

 not know the exact status of the Kamtschatkan birds. Taczanowski 

 assures us that they are typical, but we are nevertheless by no means 

 certain that they do not belong to the form occurring in Japan. 



The migration route over the Kuril Islands and Japan seems to be so 

 natural that it is greatly perplexing to find that it is not the only one 

 for all the birds of Southern Kamtschatka going south in autumn and 

 returning north in spring again. But while we are forced to admit that 

 they take another way, the fact is an additional evidence in favor of 

 the theory of comparatively narrow and limited routes. 



It is at present impossible to fix the direction of this migration route 

 in general, and we shall indulge in no guess work. 



One species, however, may perhaps be traced part of the way, and 

 may therefore merit detailed consideration, since its history seems to 

 contain some valuable hints. We refer here to Chelidon tytleri, which 

 is known from Kamtschatka, Dauria, and India. Messrs. Middendorff 



