BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



715 



Adult male.— Wing, 188-201 (195.6); tail, 72-83 (78.9); culmen, 

 32-35.5 (34. 1); greatest depth of bill, 21-24.5 (22. 6) ; tarsus, 

 30.5-33 (31.6); middle toe, 39-44 (40.9).« 



Adult Jemale.— Wing, 194-198 (196); tail, 82-88.5 (85.2); culmen, 

 33.5-35 (34.2); greatest depth of bill, 21-22 (21.5);" tarsus, 32;*= 

 middle toe, 40. '^ 



Coasts and islands of northern Atlantic Ocean and adjacent por- 

 tion of Arctic Ocean, from southern Greenland eastward to Spitz- 

 bergen;'^ breeding, on American side, from southern Greenland south- 

 ward to Nova Scotia (Bay of Fundy) and islands in Gulf of St. Law- 

 rence (Mingan Islands ; Bird Rocks) ; wintering from New Brunswick 

 to Long Island, casually or occasionally to Virginia (Cobbs Island; 

 Smiths Island, March 29, 1912; Norfolk, Oct. 15, 1886) and North 

 Carolina (Lookout Cove, Eeb. 15, 1890); occasional inland as far as 

 Ontario (Toronto, Dec. 10, 1889; Hamilton, Dec. 9, 1893) ; on eastern 

 side of Atlantic southward in winter as far as Azores, Canary Islands, 

 Straits of Gibraltar, Italy, and Algeria. 



[Alca] tarda Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 130 (s. Sweden); ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 210.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 551.— Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 

 793. — Reinhardt (J.), Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 442 (Greenland). — Sharpe, 

 Hand-list, i, 1899, 130. — Forbes and Robinson, Bull. Liverp. Mu.s., ii, no. 2, 

 1899, 51. 



Alca torda Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 182; Man. d'Orn., 1815, 616; 2d ed., pt. Li, 

 1820, 936; pt. iv, 1840, 581.— Meyer and Wolf, Taschenb. Vog. Deutschl., 

 1810,439,pl.— Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., i, 1816, 381.— Pallas, Zoogr. 

 Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 360. — Bonaparte, Obs. Nomencl. Wilson's Am. Orn., 

 1826, [204]; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828 ("Synopsis"), 431.— Werner, Atlas, 

 PalmipMes, 1828, pi. 102.— Meneville, Icon. R^gne Anim., Ois., 1829-38, 

 pi. 61, fig. 2.— Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., 1831, 642, pi. 119, fig. 1.— Brehm, 

 Handb. Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 1003.— Schinz, Nat. Abbild. Vog., 1833, 374, 

 pi. 130; Europ. Faun., i, 1840, 363; Nat. Vog., 1853, 223, pi. 102.— Nuttall, 

 Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., Water Birds, 1834, 547.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., iii, 



a Seven specimens. 

 b Two specimens, 

 c One specimen. 



I 



The two adult females measured are both from eastern North America. 

 <* Records for Japan, "between Kamchatka and Alaska," and even for coast of 

 Siberia, are probably erroneous. 



