716 BULLETIN 50, UNITED SPATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1835, 112, pi. 214; v. 1839, 628; Synopsis, 1839, 345; Birds Am., 8vo ed., 

 vii, 1844, 247, pi. 466.— Nilsson, Skand. Faun., ii, 1835, 520.— Gould, Birds 

 Europe, v, 1837, pi. 401 and text; Birds Great Brit., v, 1866, pi. 47 and text. — 

 Yarrell, Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 366. — Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., xii, 1844, 

 606, pi. 336. — Degland, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 525. — Reichenbach, Natatores, 

 1850, pi. 5, figs. 18-22.— Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii, 1851, 235.— 

 Kjaerbolling, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 413, pi. 53, fig. 1. — Watters, Nat. Hist. 

 Birds Ireland, 1853, 231.— Cassin, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 

 901.— Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 711.— Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 15 

 (Greenland). — Malmgren, Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 454 (Spitzbergen). — ^More, 

 Ibis, 1865, 451 (Great Britain). ^ — Degland and Gerbe, Orn. Eur., ii, 1867^ 

 612. — ScHLEGEL, Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 33 (Urinatores), 1867, 13. — Collett^ 

 Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1868, 193.— Brandt, Melang. Biol., vii, 1869, 

 204. — Droste, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 355 (Faroe Islands) . — Turnbull, Birds E. 

 Penn. and N. J., 1869, 50.— Harting, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 120 (n. e. 

 coast North America); Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 70. — Brooke, Ibis, 1873, 

 348 (Sardinia).— Wright, Ibis, 1874, 230 (Malta).— Irby, Orn. Gibralt., 1875, 

 218; 2d ed., 1895, 394; Ibis, 1879, 346 (Gibraltar); 1883, 190 (Santander, 

 Spain). — Palmen, Journ. fiir Orn., 1876, 65 (Finland). — Dresser, Birds 

 Europe, viii, 1877, 557, pi. 619.— Bau, Journ. fiir Orn., 1877, 342 (Germany).— 

 Barrows, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1877, 161 (monogr.). — Blakiston 

 and Pryer, Ibis, 1878, 209 (Japan).— Maynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 497.— 

 Giglioli, Ibis, 1881, 221 (Italy).— Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, 383 (Onega, Russia); 

 Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 375. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds 

 N. Am., ii, 1884, 472. — LiJXKEN, Ornis, 1885, 142 (Denmark). — Sundevall, 

 Svensk. Fogl., iii, 1885, 983, pi. 52, fig. 2.— Saunders, ed. Yarrell's Brit. 

 Birds, iv, 1885, 55; Illustr. Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, 679.— Dixon, Ibis, 1885, 

 90 (St. Kilda). — Booth, Rough Notes, iii, pt. xi, 1886. — American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886 and 2d ed., 1895, no. 32; 3rd ed., 1910, 

 p. 32. — TscHusiand Homeyer, Ornis, ii, 1886, 174 (local names). — Grondal, 

 Ornis, ii, 1886, 367, 613 (Iceland); iii, 1887, 587, 600 (etymology).— Sal- 

 VADORi, Ucc. Ital., 1887, 296.— Tait, Ibis, 1887, 399 (Cesimbra and Ovar- 

 Aveiro, Portugal). — Webster, Auk, iv, 1887, 158 (Norfolk, Virginia, Oct., 

 1886). — Brusina, Soc. Hist. Nat. Croatica, ui, 1888, 149. — Koenig, Journ. 

 fur Orn., 18S8, 297 (Algeria); 1893, 105 (Tunis, Algeria).— Reid, Ibis, 1888, 

 82 (Teneriffe, Canary Islands). — Bishop, Auk, vi, 1889, 149 (Magdalen 

 Islands). — Rives, Cat. Birds Virginia, 1890, 41 (Cobb's Island, 3 specs., 

 winter; Norfolk, 1 spec. Oct. 15, 1886).— Fisher (A. K.), Auk, A-ii, 1890, 203 

 (Lookout Cove, North Carolina, Feb. 15, 1890). — Lilford, Col. Figs. Brit. 

 Birds, pt. xii, 1896.— Evans, Ibis, 1891, 83 (length of incubation; 30 days),— 

 Schalow, Journ. fiir Orn., J 891, 272 (between Kamchatka and Alaska); 1895, 

 459 (w. Greenland).— Hartert, Ibis, 1892, 522 (e. Prussia): Novit. Zool,, 

 viii, 1901, 306 (Canary Islands).— Waldo, Ibis, 1893, 207 (Canary Islands).— 

 Rothschild, Ibis, 1893, 444 (descr. melanistic variety). — Blagg, Ibis, 1893, 

 358 (Shetland Islands).— Stone, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1894, 41 (coast 

 New Jersey).— Pearson and Bidwell, Ibis, 1894, 237 (Hjemso, Norway). — 

 Wintle, Canad. Rec. Sci., vi, 1895, 248 (Montreal, Quebec, Nov. 10, 1893).— 

 Sharpe, Handb. Birds Great Brit., iv, 1897, 106, pi. 104.— Chapman, Bull. 

 Am. Mus. N. H., xii, 1899, 223 (Holsteinborg, Greenland, June, July). — 

 Hartert and Grant, Novit. Zool., xii, 1905, 99 (San Miguel, Azores). — 

 Fleming, Auk, xxiii, 1906, 441 (Toronto, Ontario, Dec. 10, 1889; Hamilton, 

 Ontario, Dec. 9, 1893).— Brown (E. J.), Auk, xxix, 1912, 399 (Smith's Island, 

 Virginia, March 29, 1912). 

 ^[Zca] torda Keyserling and Blasius, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xci, 236.— Ridgway, 

 Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 18. 



