712 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Alca impennis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., i, 1816, 381. — Temminck, 

 Man. d'Orn., 2d ed., pt. ii, 1820, 939; pt. iv, 1840, 582.— Boie, leis, 

 1822, 872. — Meyer, App. to Meyer and Wolf's Taschenb. Vog. Deutschl., 

 1822, 176.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiii, pt. i, 1826, 51.— Werner, 

 Atlas, PalmipMes, 1828, 103.— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828 

 ("Synopsis"), 432, footnote; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 66. — Schinz, Nat 

 Abbild. Vog., 1833, 375, pi. 131; Nat. Vog., 1853, 223, pi. 103.— Nuttall, 

 Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., Water Birds, 1834, 553.— Thompson, Proc. Zool. 

 Soe. Lond., 1835, 79 (Waterford, Ireland); Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii, 1851, 238. 

 — Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 122 (osteology). — Gould, Birds 

 Europe, v, 1837, pi. 400 and text; Birds Great Brit., v, 1873, pi. 46 and text. 

 —Audubon, Orn. Biog., iv, 1838, 316, pi. 341; Synopsis, 1839, 344; Birds 

 Am., 8vo ed., vii, 1844, 245, pi. 465.— Schinz, Europ. Faun., i, 1840, 363. 

 — tYarrell, Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 369. — ^Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., xiii, 

 1844, 630, pi. 337.— Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., iii, Anseres, 1844, 153.— 

 Degland, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 528. — Reichenbach, Natatores, 1850, pi. 5, 

 figs. 14-17. — ^Macgillivray, Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 359. — Kjaerbolling, 

 Danm. Fugle, 1852, 414, pi. 53, fig. 2.— Walters, Nat. Hist. Birds Ireland, 

 1853, 230.— Reinhardt, Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 442 (Greenland); Ibis, 1861, 

 15 (Disko Island and coast of Greenland in winter). — Cassin, in Baird, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 900.— Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 710. 

 —Newton, Ibis, 1861, 374 (Iceland; geog. range); 1865, 116 (Caithness; 

 osteol.); 1866, 223 (North America, old records); 1870, 256 (monogr.); 1878, 587 

 (Orkney Islands).- — Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 33 (Urinatores), 1867, 

 13. — Degland and Gerbe, Orn. Eur., ii, 1867, 614. — Dubois, Arch. Cosmol., 



1867, 30, pi. 3.— Brown, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868. 361 (Greenland?).— 

 Goues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 15 (monogr.); Check List, 1873, 

 no. 615; 2d ed., 1882, no. 878.— Fatio, Bull. Soc. Orn. Suisse, ii, pt. i, 1868, 

 5-85, pi. 1; pt. ii, 1870, 147-157.^ — Collett, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 



1868, 193; Mitth. Orn. Ver. Wien, viii, 1884, 65, 87; Vid .-Selsk, Forh. for 1907, 

 no. 8, 1-17, pis. 1, 2 (Norwegian records and history). — Brandt, Melang. 

 Biol., vii, 1869, 203.— Feilden, Ibis, 1869, 358 (descr. eggs).— Droste, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 355 (Faroe Islands). — Fritsch, Nat. Vog. Europ., 

 1870, 490; Atlas, 1871, pi. 59, figs. 8, 9.— Orton, Am. Nat., iv, 1871 (Audu- 

 bon's spec, in coll. Mus. Vassar College). — Harting, Handb. Brit. Birds, 

 1872, 71 (11 British records).— Gray (R.), Birds West Scotland, 1871, 441.— 

 Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 34, fig. 1 (skull). — Allen, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, i, 1876, 58 (remains found at Ipswich, Massachusetts). — Dresser, 

 Birds Europe, A-iii, 1880, 620.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 211 

 (Cat. N. Am. Birds, no. 741); Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 741.— Cory, 

 Beaut, and Curious Birds, 1881, pi. 5 and text. — Grieve, Journ. Linn. Soc., 

 xvi, 1882, 479.— Blasius, Jahresb. Ver. Nat. Braunsch., iii, 1883, 89 ; 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1884, 58-176; Ver. f. Naturw. z. Braunsch., iii, 1881-2, 

 89-115.— Dixon, Ibis, 1885, 90 (St. Kilda; habits).— Sundevall, Svensk. 

 Fogl., 1885, 994, pi. 80, fig. 2.— Seebohm, Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 

 371. — Saunders, ed. Yarrell's Brit. Birds, iv, 1885, 61; lUustr. Man. Brit. 

 Birds, 1889, 681.— Tscnusi and Dalla-Torre. Ornis, 1887, 342 (Austria- 

 Hungary). — Grondal, Ornis, 1887, 593. — Lucas, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 1887-8, 493, pis. 71-73 (Funk Island; osteology); 1888-9, 709.— Lilford, 

 Col. Figs. Brit. Birds, pt. xviii, 1891.— Sclater, Ibis, 1891, 281; 1892, 453. 

 — BiDWELL, Ibis, 1894, 297 (descr. eggs). 



A[lca] impennis Keyserling and Blasius, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xci, 236. — • 

 Holboll, Naturhist. Tidsskr., iv, 1843, 457 (Greenland). — Gray, Gen. 

 Birds, iii, 1847, 637.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 819. 



