BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 635 



[Lanml canus var. brachyrhynchus (Joues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 313. 



Larus canus . . . var. brachyrhynchus Coues, Check list. 1873, no. 549. 



[Larus canus.] Var. brachyrhynchus Coues, Birds Northwest, 1874, 639 (descr., 

 range, etc.) 



[Larus canus var. brachyrhynchus] c. brachyrhynchus Coues, Birds Xortliwest, J 874, 

 639, (synonymy). 



Lamssuckleyi Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,vi, 1857 (pub. Feb., 1858?), 

 264 (Paget Sound; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.;=young); in Baird, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 848.— Baird. Cat. X. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 665.— Cooper 

 and SucKLEY, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860. 274, (Paget Sound).— 

 ScHLEGEL, Mus. Pavs-Bas, vi. no. 23 (Lari), 1863, 27, part. 



?Larus suckleyi Blasius, Journ. fur Orn., J865, 381 (crit.). 



Rissa septentnonahs Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nit. Hist. N. Y., vi, 1857 (pub. 

 Feb., 1858?), 265 ("Puget Sound" i. e., Bellingham Bay, Washington; coll. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus.;=adult); in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 854.— 

 Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 673.— Cooper and Suckley, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 277 (Bellingham Bay). 



Genus CHROICOCEPH ALUS Eyton. 



Chroicocephalus Eyton, Cat. Brit. Birds, 1836, 53. (Type, Larus capislratus 



Temminck=Z,. ridibundus Linnaeus.) 

 Chroicocephalus (emendation) Wharton, Zoologist, 1878, 105. 

 Kroicocephalus (emendation) Jameson, Journ. Asiat. Soc, viii, 1839, 243. 

 Chroicephalus (emendation) Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., Longip., 1852, p. v. 

 Chroccccphalus (emendation) \'errill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 159. 

 Chroocephalus (emendation) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 



576 foot-note. 

 Chroecocephalus (emendation) Heine and Reichenow, Nom. Mus. Hein. Orn., 



1890, 358. 

 Atridlla Bonaparte, Naumannia, 1854, 212. (Type, by tautonymy, Larus atricilla 



Linnaeus.) 

 Cirrhocephala Bonaparte, Naumannia, 1854, 213. (Type, by tautonymy, Larus 



cirrhocephalus Vieillot.) 

 Cirrocephalus (emendation) Bruch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 288. 

 Melanolarus Heine and Reichenow, Nom. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, 359. (Type, 



by original designation, Larus franklini Swainson and Richardson.) 



Rather small to very small Laridse (wing less than 350 mm.), with 

 relatively small and slender bill, tarsus longer than middle toe with- 

 out claw, and longer than exposed culmen; adults with head and 

 upper neck gray (more or less dark, sometimes nearl}^ black) or brown 

 in summer, relieved by a white spot above eye and another below, or 

 a white orbital ring, and longer primaries partly black; young with 

 rump and upper tail-coverts immaculate white, and scapulars, inter- 

 scapulars and wing-covcrts grayish brown margined (but not barred, 

 streaked, nor mottled) with whitish or buffy. 



Range. — Nearly cosmopolitan, but wanting from Ai'ctic and 

 Antarctic regions and Oceania. (About 12 species, 6 of them peculiar 

 to America, 1 common to South America and Africa.) 



J 



