632 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



[Larus hybernus] a. ferroensis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., ii, 1857, 223. 



[Larus hybernus] h. Islandicus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., ii, 1857, 223. 



Larus suckleyi (not of Lawrence) Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 23 (Lari), 



1863, 27 (Japan). 



Larus audouini (not of Payraudeau, 1826) Tristram, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 



1864, 455; Ibis, 1868, 330 (Palestine). 



(?) Larus delaivarensis (not of Ord) Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1861, 246, part 

 (Henley Harbor, Labrador; 1 spec). 



LARUS BRACHYRHYNCHUS Richardson. 



SHORT-BILLED GXTLL. 



Similar to L. canus, but averaging slightly smaller (except tail and 

 middle toe, which are longer), and bill relatively shorter and deeper; 

 adults with gray "wedge" on inner web of third primary (from 

 outside) always white distally, this white carried beyond tip of sixth 

 (often beyond tip of fifth) primary, and black subterminal area of 

 longer primaries more restricted. 



Adults in summer. — Head, neck, rump, upper tail-coverts, tail, and 

 entire under parts, including axillars and under wing-coverts, im- 

 maculate pure white; back, scapulars and wings uniform neutral gray 

 (between pale and light — almost exactly as in L. canus and L. cali- 

 fornicus), the secondaries passing into white terminally (for about 

 30-32 mm) ; outermost primary slate-black, the subterminal portion 

 (for about 51 mm.) white, including shaft, the tip black, the inner web 

 more slaty than the outer, with basal half, more or less, sometimes 

 grayish white, minutely freckled with darker, but usually plain slaty 

 gray, paler basally; second primary (from outside) with basal half 

 of outer web and much more of inner web pale gray, then black 

 (abruptly) followed by a white area, about 44-45 mm. long, then a 

 black spot or band, about 17-18 mm. wide, and a small apical spot of 

 white ; third primary tipped with white, the subterminal portion, for 

 about 25.5 mm. on inner web and 51 mm. or more on outer web, 

 black, the remaining portion light gray, becoming white or nearly so 

 on inner web where joining the black subterminal area ; fourth primary 

 similar, but the black subterminal area more restricted, and the gray 

 of outer web passing into white distally; fifth primary with the mb- 

 terminal black area still smaller, forming a band about 19 mm. wide, 

 the white preceding this band still more extensive; sixth primary 

 with the subterminal black band still narrower, usually less than 

 13 mm. wide, seldom more, and sometimes confined to inner web; 

 remaining (proximal) primaries light gray (like back, etc.), passing 

 gradually but broadly into white terminally; bill greenish yellow; 

 rictus and eyelids vermilion red; iris dark brown; legs and feet 

 greenish (in life), the webs yellowish. 



Adults in winter. — Similar to summer adults, but head and neck 

 (sometimes chest also) longitudinally spotted with light grayish 

 brown. 



