BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 629 



Northern Europe and Asia, from Iceland (rare and not breeding)^ 

 Faro, Shetland, Orkney, and other British Islands and Norway to 

 eastern Siberia and Kamchatka; breeding from about lat. 53° north- 

 ward; migrating southward as far as Canary Islands, Mediterranean 

 and Black seas, China, and Japan; accidental in Labrador (Henley 

 Harbor, Aug. 21, 1860) ?« 



[Larus] canus Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 136 (Sweden); ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 224. — Brunnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, 43 (Iceland).— Gmelin, Syet. Nat., i, 

 pt. ii, 1789, 596.— Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 815.— Gray, Hand-list, 

 iii, 1871, 111, no. 10945.— Sharpe, Hand-list, i, 1899. 142. 



Larus canus Scopoli, Ann. I, 1769, 79. — MIIller, Nat. Syst., ii, 1773. 345. — 

 Retzius, F'auna Suecica, 1790, 158. — Bechstein, Naturg. Deutschl., ii, 1791, 

 808 .—Meyer and Wolf, Taschenb . , ii , 1810, 475 . — Leisler, Nachtr. Deutschl. , 

 1812, 14.— Meyer, Vog. Liv-u. Esthl., 1815, 2.32; Taschenb., iii, 1822, 200.— 

 Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 1815, 498; 2d ed., ii, 1820, 771.— Meisner and 

 ScHiNZ, Vog. Schweiz, 1815, 269.— Koch, Syst. baier. Zool., 1816, 374.— 

 Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 40.— Nilsson, Orn. Suec.ii, 

 1817, 172.— BoiE, Isis, 1822, 563.— Brehm, Lehrb., 1824, 707; Isis, 1830, 994.— 

 Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiii, pt. 1, 1826, 198. — Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- 

 Asiat., ii, 1826, 330.— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y.,ii, 1828, 359; Geog. and 

 Comp. List, 1838, 63.— Vieillot, Faun. Fran?., Ois., 1828, 389.— Werner, 

 Atlas, Palmipkles, 1828, pi. 24.— Fleming, Brit. Anim., 1828, 140.— Kaup, Na- 

 tiirl. Syst., 1829, 58.— SAVi.Orn.Tosc, iii, 1831, 59.— Selby, Brit. Birds, ii, 1833, 

 490, pi. 93.— Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertebr., 1835, 275.— Eyton, Cat. Brit. Birds, 

 1836, 52.— Gould, Birds Europe, v, 1837, pi. 437 and text; Birds Great Brit., 

 V, 1873, pi. 60 and text.— Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., x, 1840, 301, pi. 261.— 

 Selys-Longchamps, Faune Beige, 1842, 153. — Macgillivray, Man. Brit. 

 Orn., pt. ii, 1842, 248; Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 575.— Yarrell, Brit. Birds, iii, 

 1843, 452; 2d ed., iii, 1845, 570.— Schlegel, Rev. Crit., 1844, p. cxxv; Vog. 

 Nederl., 1854, 599, pi. 349; Dier. Nederl. Vogels, 1861, 236; Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 vi, no. 23 (Lari), 1863, 23.— Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., Anseres, 1844, 171; 

 Cat. Brit. Birds, 1863, 233.— Hewitson, Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, 1846, 441, pi. 

 125. — Degland, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 313. — Thompson, Birds Ireland, iii, 

 1851, 348. — Kjaerbolling, Damn. Fugle, 1852, 339, pi. 42. — Middendorff, 

 Sibil*. Reise, ii, pt. 2, 1853, 243.— Heuglin, Syst. Ueb., 1856, 69 (coast Egypt); 

 Orn. N. 0-Afr., Bd. ii, pt. 2, 1873, 1377 (Nile up to Khartum).— Meyer, 

 Brit. Birds, vii, 1857, pi. 304.— Schrenck, ReLs. Amurl., 1859, 509. — Linder- 

 mayer, Vog. Griechenl., 1860, 175.— Swixhoe, Ibis, 1860, 68 (Amoy, s. 

 China); 1861, 345 (n. China); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 420 (China).— 

 SuNDEVALL, Svensk. Fogl., 1863, pi. 49, fig. 6. — Newton, in Baring-Gould's 

 Iceland, 1863, 418 (1 spec.).— Radde, Reis. Sibir., Vog., 1863, 387; Orn. 

 Caucas., 1884, 478.— Salvador:, Ucc. Sardin., 1864, 128; Faun. Ital., Ucc, 

 1872, 292; Ucc. Ital., 1887, 286.— Wright, Ibis, 1864, 151 (Malta); 1874, 288 

 (Malta). — Degland and Gerbe, Orn. Eur., ii, 1867, 424. — Loche, Expl. Sci. 

 Alg^r., Ois., ii, 1867, 184.— Holtz, Journ. fiir Orn., 1868, 124 (Gottland, 



a The specimen on which the alleged Labrador record is based is still in the collec- 

 tion of the U. S. National Museum, and "found its way to the British Museum" 

 (Cooke, Distribution and Migration of North American Gulls and their Allies, 1915, 

 49) — or, more correctly, to Mr. Howard Saunders, the expert authority on birds of this 

 group — and was duly returned many >'ears ago. It is a young bird, and I strongly 

 suspect is merely L. delawarensis. 



