BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 609 



[Larus] cachinnans (not of Pallas) Lichtexstein, Nom. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, 

 99 (Arabia). 



Lams cachinnans Meves, Oefv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forli., 1871, 786 (Cholraogony, 

 Dwina).— Heuglin, Orn. N. O.-Afr., Bd. ii, 1873, 1392, part (Somali coast).— 

 Meves and Homeyer, Ornis, 1886, 275 (lower Dwina). 



Larus (DominicaJius)] cachinnans Bruch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1853, 100. 



[Larus (Laroides)] cachinnans Bruch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 282. 



[Clupeilarus] cachinnans Bon.\parte, Consp. Av., ii, 1857, 221, part. 



Lams affinis Reinhardt, Vid. Medd. Nat. Forh. Kjobenhavn, 1853, 78 (Nenor- 

 talic, Julianehaab, s. Greenland; coll. Royal Mus. Copenhagen); Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1854, 433; Ibis, 1861, 17 (Greenland; crit.). — Seebohm and Harvie- 

 Brown, Ibis, 1876, 452 (Lower Petchora, Russia; crit.). — Saunders, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 171 (monogr.); Journ. Linn. Soc, xiv, 1878, 397 

 (range); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxv, 1896, 254.— Gatke, Ibis, 1878, 489 (Helgo- 

 land). — FiNSCH, Ibis, 1879, 111 (Tajo, Lissabon; Katwijk, near Leyden; 

 Kamchatka; Macao); Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1879, 268 (w. Siberia).— See- 

 bohm, Ibis, 1879, 162 (Yenesei River, Siberia; habits; range). — Hume, 

 Stray Feath., viii, 1879, 115.— Vidal, Stray Feath., ix, 1880, 94 (s. Konkan, 

 Malabar). — Butler, Stray Feath., ix, 1880, 439 (Deccan coast). — Dresser, 

 Birds Europe, viii, 1880, 417; Ibis, 1904, 234 (Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, 

 breeding; descr. nest); 1908, 513 (Taimyr Peninsula; descr. nest and eggs, 

 etc.). — ScLATER and Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, 174 (Socotra 

 Island).— RiDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880 (Cat. N. Am. Birds), 

 207; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 665.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, 

 no. 776. — Olphe-Galliard, Ibis, 1885, 236 (Hendaye, s. w. France); Orn. 

 Eur. Occid., fasc. x. 1886, 66. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 1886, and 2d ed., 1895, no. 50; 3rd ed., 1910, p. 38.— Plerke, Mem. 

 Acad. St. Petersb. (7). xxxvi, 1888, 56 (Turkestan).— Pearson, Ibis, 1896. 

 219 (Kolguev, n. Russia), 224 (Novaya Zemlya); 1898, 203 (Waigats, Dolgoi 

 Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Habarova, n. e. Russia). — Popham, Ibis, 1897, 

 106 (Yenesei River, Siberia, breeding; habits; descr. nest and eggs); 1898, 

 519 (Yenesei River).— Grant, Novit. Zool., vii, 1900, 270 (s. Arabia).— 

 Schalow, Vogel der Arktis, 1904, 140 (synonymy, range, etc.). — Cooke, 

 Bull. 292. U. S. Dept. Agric. (Biol. Surv.). i915, 35, fig. 17 (range and 

 migrations) . 



L[arus] affinis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 745. — Ridgway, Man. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1887, 29. 



[LariLs] affinis Reinhardt, .Tourn. fiir Orn.. 1854, 443 (Greenland). — Sharpe, 

 Hand-list, i, 1899, 141. 



Lartis affinis affinis Lowe, Ibis, July, 1914, 397, in text 



Larus fuscus affinis Kennedy, Ibis, Jan., 1917, 31 (North Atlantic, lat. 58° 5' N., 

 long., 1° 01^ E.). 



Larus rufescens Bonaparte, Naumannia, 1854. 211 (Red Sea). 



[Cltipeilarus] fuscescens (not Dominicanus fuscescens Bruch. 1853") Bonaparte, 

 Consp. Av., ii, 1857, 221. 



Lar^is leucophaeus (not of Lichtenstein) Heuglin, Ibis, 1859. 349 (Somali coast 

 and Gulf of Aden); in Petermann's Mitth., 1861, 29 (Red Sea). 



Larus, sp.? Heuglin, Ibis, 1872, 65 (Novaya Zemlya; Waigats). 



Larus occidentalis (not cf Audubon) Hume, Stray Feath., 1873, 273 (n. w. coast 

 India); 1876, 414 (Bombay). 



Larus marinus (not of Linnaeus) Alston and Harvie-Brown, Ibis, 1873, 52 

 (lower Dwina River). 



Larus boreaUs (not of Bruch, ex Brandt, 1853) Seebohm, Ibis. 1882, 386 

 (Archangel, Russia; Solovetsk Island, breeding; habits). 

 40017— 19— Bull. 50. pt 8 40 



