608 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



[Larus] schistisagus Sharpe, Hand-list, i, 1899, 141. — Forbes and Robinson, 



Bull. Liverp. Mus., ii, no. 2, 1899, 58. 

 Larus marinus schistisagus Seebohm, Birds Japan. Emp., 1890, 291. 



LARUS AFFINIS Reinhardt. 



SIBERIAN GTJLL. 



Similar to L. schistisagus, but much smaller (about the size of 

 L. occidentalis) , bill much more slender, color of back, etc., slightly 

 lighter, third primary (from outside) without any white space on 

 inner web between the black and gray areas, and iris, orbital ring, 

 and feet very different in color. 



Adults in summer (sexes alike).— Head, neck, rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, tail and entire under parts, including axillars and under 

 wing-coverts, immaculate pure white; back, scapulars and wings 

 warm neutral gray to nearly mouse gray, the tertials, secondaries, 

 and proximal primaries tipped with white, the distal primaries 

 abruptly tipped with white and marked subterminally with black; 

 second primary (from outside) with a distinct gray "wedge" on 

 inner web; bill yellow, the mandible with a subterminal lateral 

 spot of red, the maxilla sometimes tinged with red in front of nos- 

 tril; iris yellow; bare orbital ring orange-red or vermilion in life; 

 legs and feet yellow (in life). 



Adults in winter. — Similar to summer adults, but head and neck, 

 all round, heavily spotted or broadly streaked with dusky, yellow 

 of bill paler or more greenish, and yellow of feet paler. 



Young. — (No specimens available. Said to be like that of L. 

 fuscus, but with general color of back and wings lighter). 



Adult female.''— Y^ing, 423-424 (427); tail, 157-165 (160); ex- 

 posed culmen, 51.5-52.5 (52); tarsus, 61-68.5 (64); middle toe, 

 49-54 (52).'' 



Breeding in northern Russia and Siberia, from Dwina River to 

 Yenesei River and Taimyr Peninsula (doubtfully in valley of Lena 

 River) ; migrating southward as far as Mekran coast, western side 

 of India, Gulf of Aden, island of Socotra, and coast of Somahland, 

 eastern Africa; accidental in southwestern Greenland (Nenortalik, 

 Julianehaab) and southwestern France (Hendaye). 



I?] Larus littoreus (not of Forster, Descr. Anim., 1844c) Forster, Indian Zool., 



1781, 42. 

 Larus, sp. n.? Jerdon, Madras Journ., xii, 1840, 225 (Deccan, India). 

 Larus fuscus (not of Linnaeus) Hutton, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng., xv, 1847, 792 

 (Cabul, Afghanistan).— Blyth, Cat. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc, 1849, 288, part 

 (see Hume, Stray Feath., iv, 502). — Jerdon, Birds India, iii, 1864, 830 

 (Jaulna, Deccan). — Filippi, Viagg. Pers., 1865, 352 (Caspian Sea). — Blyth, 

 Ibis, 1897, 176, 314.— Blanford, East. Pars., ii, 1876, 290 (Beluchistan). 



a No adult males examined. c =Larus dominicanus Liclitenstein. 



& Three specimens. 



