BIRDS OF NORTH AXD MIDDLE AMERICA. 603 



Zool., xiii, pt. i, 1826, 186. -Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 

 362; Geog. and Oomp. List, 1838, 63.— Werner, Atlas, Palmipedes, 1828, 

 pi. 17.— Fleming, Brit. Anim., 1828, 140.— Selby, Brit. Bii-ds, ii, 



1833, 507, pi. 97.— NuTTALL, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., Water Bii-ds, 



1834, 308.— Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertebr., 1835, 278.- Audubon, Orn. 

 Biog., iii, 1835, 305, pi. 241; v, 1839, 636; Synopsis, 1839, 329; Birds 

 Am., 8 vo ed., vii, 1844, 172, pi. 450.— Eyton, Oat. Brit. Birds, 1836, 53.— 

 Gould, Birds Europe, v, 1837, pi. 430 and text; Birds Great Brit., v, 1873, 

 pi. 55 and text.— Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., x, 1840, 438, pis. 268, 269.— 

 ScHiNz, Eur. Faun., 1840, 379. — Macgillivray, Man. Brit. Orn., pt. ii, 1842, 

 244; Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 526.— Selys-Lon(;champs, Faune Belge,1842, 154.— 

 Yarrell, Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 471; 2d ed., iii, 1845, 591.— Gray, List Birds 

 Brit. Mus., Anseres, 1844, 168; Cat. Brit. Birds, 1863, 231.— Schlegel, Roy. 

 Crit., 1844, p. cxxiv; Vog. Nederl., 1854, 596, pis. 343, 344; Dier. Nederl. 

 Vogels, 1861, 235; Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 23 (Lari), 1863, 10.— Mxjhle, Orn. 

 Griechenl., 1844, 145. — Giraud, Birds Long Island, 1844, 361.— Hewitson, 

 Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, 1846, 447, pi. 128, fig. 1.— Degland, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 

 301. — Jardine, Oontr. Orn., 1849, 87 (Bermudas). — ReichEnbach, Syst. Nat., 

 1850, pi. 5; Av. Syst. Nat., Longipennes, 1852, pp. iv, v. — Thompson, 

 Birds Ireland, iii, 1851, 377.— Kjaerbolling, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 324, pi. 

 42; Suppl., 1854, pi. 23.— Reinhardt, Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 443 (Green- 

 land); Ibis, 1861, 16 (Greenland).— Heuglin, Syst. Ueb., 1856, 69 (Lower 

 Egypt).— Meyer, Brit. Bii-ds, ^ii, 1857, 159, pi. 310. — Cabanis, Joiirn. fiir 

 Orn., 1857, 236 (Cuba).— Lawrence, in Baiid, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 

 1858, 844: Ann. Lye. N. Y.. viii, 1867, 299 (vicinity New York City).— 

 Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 660. — Lindermayer, Vog. Griechenl., 

 1860, 177.— CouES, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 244 (coast Labrador, 

 breeding; habits, etc.); 186*2, 295 (monogr.); Check List, 1873, no. 546; 2d 

 ed., 1882, no. 771; Birds Northwest, 1874, 624 (monogr.).— Gundlach, 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1862, 95 (Cuba; crit.). — Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 

 1862, 159 (breeding on islands in Bay of Fundy). — Malmgren, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1863, 453 (Spitzbergen).— Gray, Cat. Brit. Buds, 1863, 231.— Newton, 

 in Baring-Gould's Iceland, 1863, 418; Arctic Man., 1875, 107 (Greenland, 

 63°-68° N.).— Salvadori, Ucc. Sardin., 1864, 130; Faun. Ital., Ucc, 1872, 

 295; Ucc. Ital., 1887, 287.— Blasius, Journ. fiii- Orn., 1865, 379 (crit.).— 

 Degland andGERBE, Orn. Eur., ii, 1867, 413. — Dod^.rlein, Avif.Sicil.,1869, 

 232.— Droste, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 384 (Faroes): Vogelw. Borkum, 1869, 

 353.— Fritsch, Vog. Eur., 1870, 427, pi. 55, fig. 8.— Saunders, Ibis, 1871, 

 400 (s. w. Spain;; 1884, 39 (s. w. France); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 179 

 (monogr.); ed. Yarrell's Brit. Birds, iii, 1884, 631; Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, 

 661: Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxv, 1896, 241, 458.— Gray (R.), Birds West 

 Scotl., 1871, 488.— GoDMAN, Ibis, 1872, 223 (Allegranza, Canary Islands).— 

 Harting, Handb. Brit. Bii-ds, 1872, 77.— Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl., 1872, 

 pi. 50, fig. 5.— Dresser, Birds Europe, viii, 1872, 427, pi. 604. — Collett, 

 Forh. Selsk. Ohristiania, 1873, 297 (n. Norway).— Palmen, Finlands Fogl. 

 1873, 601.— Marchand, Rev. Zool., 1873, pi. 12 (downy young). — Heuglin, 

 Orn. N. O.-Afr., Bd. ii, pt. 2, 1873, 1279.— Finsch, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 

 V, 1876, 364 (s. Greenland).— Brooke, Ibis, 1873, 348 (Sardinia).— Irby, 

 Orn. Straits Gibralt., 1875, 215. — Seebohm and Harvie-Brown, Ibis, 1876, 

 452 (Lower Petchora, Russia). — Merriam, Birds Connecticut, 1877, 132, 142, 

 146; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 241 (Point de Monts, Quebec, breed- 

 ing).— Reid, Zoologist, 1877, 489 (Bermuda); Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 25, 

 1384, 265 (Bermuda. Dec, 1851, and Dec. 27, 1862).— Kumlien, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 99 (Greenland, n. to 70° N.).— Rodd, Birds Cornwall, 



