BIEDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 723 



Birds Europe, v, 1837, pi. 396 and text; Birds Great Brit., v, pi. 48, front 

 fig., and text. — Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 65. — Schinz, Eur. 

 Faun., i, ]840, 360.— Yarrell, Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 343.— Gray, List Birds 

 Brit. Mus., pt. iii, Anseres, 1844, 156.— De Kay, Zool. N. Y., ii, 1844, 279.— 

 Degland, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 511. — Reichenbach, Natatores, 1850, pi. 8, 

 figs. 32-36. — Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii, 1851, 207. — Kjaerbolling, 

 Danm. Fugle, 1852, 408, pi. 52, fig. 4.— Macgillivray, Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 

 318.— Watters, Nat. Hist. Birds Ireland, 1853, 226.— Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 

 16 (Greenland). — More, Ibis, 1865, 449 (Great Britain). — Degland and 

 Gerbe, Orn. Eui-., ii, 1867, 598.— Smith, Ibis, 1868, 457 (Portugal).— Collett, 

 Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1868, 192.— Brandt, Melang. Biol., vii, 1869, 

 205. — Droste, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 350 (Faroe Islands; habits).— Gray 

 (R.), Birds West Scotland, 1871, 420.— Harting, Uandb. Birds Great Brit., 



1872, 74.— Irby, Orn. Straits Gibralt., 1875, 218; 2d ed., 1895, 304; Ibis, 1883, 

 190 (Santander, Spain).— Palmen, Journ. fiir Orn., 1876, 65 (Finland). — 

 Maynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 500. — Collins, Rep. Com. Fisheries for 

 1882 (1883), 334 (Grand Banks, off Newfoundland, etc., habits).— Chamber- 

 lain, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 9 (New Brunswick) —Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgvv'ay, Water Birds N. Am., ii, 1884, 477. — Dixon, Ibis, 

 1885, 89 (St. Kilda).— Saunders, ed. Yarrell's Brit. Birds, iv, 1885, CO; 

 Illustr. Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, 683.— Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl., iii, 1885, 

 1103, pi. 52, fig. 4.— LuTKEN, Ornis, 1885, 143; 1886, 97 (Denmark).— Gron- 

 DAL, Ornis, 1886, 367 (Iceland). — American Ornithologists' LTnion, 

 Check List, 1886, and 2d ed., 1895, no. 30. — Booth, Rough Notes, iii, pt. 

 xiv, 1887, 2 pis. — -Bishop, Auk, vi, 1889, 145 (Magdalen Islands). — Lilford, 

 Col. Figs. Brit. Birds, pt. xxi, 1892.— Blagg, Ibis, 1893, 358 (Shetland 

 Islands).— Sharpe, Handb. Birds Great Brit., iv, 1897, 114, pi. 106.— Grant, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxvi, 1898, 573, part.— Fleming, Auk, xxiii, 1906, 452 

 (no valid Great Lakes record!). 



C/'[m] troile Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1848, 645. — Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 



1887, 18. 

 [Uria troile] a. troile Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds N. Am., ii, 



1884, 476. 

 Uria troile troile Schalow, Vogel der Arktis, 1904, 126 (synonymy, range, etc.). — 



Hantzsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1908, 315 (Labrador). 

 Urin {Lomvia) troile Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. St. Petersb., ii, 1837, 345. 

 Alca troile Malmgren, Journ. fiir Orn., 1865, 265 (crit.). — Dresser, Birds Europ&V 



viii, 1877, 567, pi. 621, rear fig.— Newton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 2 



(descr. variety). — Seebohm, Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 388. 

 Lomvia troile Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 75 (monogr.); Check List, 



1873, no. 634, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 874.— Barrows, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xix, 1877, 160 (monogr.).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 212 

 (Cat. N. Am. Birds, no. 763); Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 763.— Merriam, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 241 (Point de Monts, Quebec, in winter; 

 sometimes very numerous). — Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 

 409 (Bird Rocks and Perroquet Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence, breeding; 

 habits). — Stearns and Coues, New Engl. Bird Life, ii, 1883, 397. — Salva- 

 DORi, Ucc. Ital., 1887, 297.— Tait, Ibis, 1887, 399 (Berlenga Island, Portugal, 

 breeding).— GiGLioLi, A\if. Ital., i, 1889, 659.— Evans, Ibis, 1891, 83 (length 

 of incubation, 30-33 days). — Pearson and Bidwell, Ibis, 1894, 237 (Hjemso, 

 n. Norway). 



[Lomvia] troile Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 346, part. 



L[omvia] troile Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 816. 



Catarractes troile Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 160 (breeding about Bay of 



Fundy). 

 [Colymbus] minor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 585, part (England). 



