BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 67 



Vandlus capella Schaefper, Mus. Orn., 1789, 49 (no locality cited). — Stejneger, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 34. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, AVater 

 Birds N. Am., i, 1884, 130.— Giglioli, Avif, Ital., 1886, 37G; 1st Resoc. Avif. 

 Ital., 1889, 576; 2d Resoc, 1890, 663; 3d Resoc, 1891, 518.— Salvadori, 

 Elenco Ucc. Ital., 1886, 206. — Reichenow, Syst. Verz. Vog. Deutschl., 

 1889, 51.— Harting, Journ. ftir Orn., 1893, 10 (Madeira Islands). 



Vanelhts vulgaris Bechstein , Orn.Taschenb.,ii, 1803, 313 (Germany). — Dresser, 

 Birds Europe, vii, 1875, 545, pi. 531; Ibis, 1891, 369 (Erzeroom).— Danford 

 and Harvie-Brown, Ibis, 1875, 419 (Transylvania). — Butler, Cat. Birds 

 Sind, etc., 1879, 58.— Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, 152 (Tyre-mane, Siberia;; 1890, 

 409 (Ireland, breeding). — Reid, Stray Feath., x, 1881, 65 (Lucknow, India); 

 Ibis, 1885, 253 (Morocco, winter).— Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, 94 (Gilgit, India, 

 winter). — Scully, Ibis, 1881, 587 (Gilgit, spring and autumn; crit.). — British 

 Ornithologists' Union, List Brit. Birds, 1883, 161. — Saunders, ed. Yar- 

 rell's Brit. Birds, iii, 1883, 283; Ibis, 1884, 389 (St. Jean-de-Luz, Pyrenees); 

 Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, 539.— Clarke (W. E.), Ibis, 1884, 148 (Obedeska 

 Bara, Slavonia). — ^Tristram, Fauna and Flora Palestine, 1884, 131. — White- 

 head, Ibis, 1885, 42 (Corsica, winter).— St John, Ibis, 1889. 176 (s. Afghan- 

 istan). — Buckley and Harvie-Brown, Vertebr. Faun. Outer Hebrides, 

 1888, 125; Vertebr. Faun. Orkneys, 1891, 204; Vertebr. Faun. Argyll, 1892, 

 166.— Feilden. Ibis, 1889, 495 (Barbados, Dec 24, 1886).— Evans, Ibis, 

 1891, 80 (incubation).— Blagg, Ibis, 1893, 355 (Shetland Islands, breeding).— 

 Walton, Ibis. 1903, 33 (Pekin, China).— Jesse, Ibis, 1903, 161 (Lucknow, 

 India). — Frohawk, Ibis, 1904, 446-451, figs. 5-10 (sexual differences). 

 Vanellus cristatus Wolf and Meyer, Hist. Nat. Ois. de I'Allem., i, 1805, 110, 

 with pi. — Meyer and Wolf, Vog. Deutschl., ii, 1810, 10. — Vieillot, Nouv. 

 Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxv, 1819, 211.— Temminck, Man. d'Orn., ii, 1820, 550.— 

 Roux, Orn. Prov., 1825, pi. 278.— Werner, Atlas, Coureurs, 1827, pi. 17.— 

 Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 555.— Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 542.— 

 Menetries, Cat. Rais. Caucas., 1832, 53 (Caspian Sea). — Strickland, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc Lend., 1836, 101 (Asia Minor). — Gould, Birds Europe, iv, 1837, 

 pi. 291 and text; Birds Great Brit., iv, 1865, pi. 33 and text. — Bonaparte, 

 Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 46.— Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1839, 121 

 (Erzeroom). — Crespon, Orn. Gard., 1840, ^69. — Selys-Longchamps, Faune 

 Beige, 1842, 121.— Ewer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1842, 92(India).— Schlegel, 

 Rev. Crit., 1844, p. Ixxxiii; Vog. Nederl., 1854, pi. 216; Dier. Nederl. Vog., 

 1861, pi. 21, fig. 10; Mus. Pays-Bas, iv, no. 29 (Cursores), 1865, 56.— Muhle, 

 Beitr. Orn. Griechenl., 1844, 94.— Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., Gralhe, 1844, 

 63: Cat. Mam., etc., Nepal pres. Hodgson, 1846, 132; List Brit. Birds, 1863, 

 137.— Hewitson, Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, 1846, 261, pi. 70.— Blyth, Cat. Birds 

 Mus. Asiat. Soc, 1849, 261.— Thompson, Birds Ireland, ii, 1850, 110.— 

 Harcourt, Proc Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 146 (Madeira). — Kjaerbolling, 

 Danm. Fugle, 1852, pi. xxxi, fig. 2. — Lilljeborg, Naumannia, 1852, 107 (n. 

 Russia). — ^Macgillivray, Brit. Birds, iv, 1852, 133; Man. Brit. Om., ii, 1842, 

 55.— Reinhardt, Journ. fur Orn., 1854, 440 (Greenland); Ibis, 1861, 9 (Fisk- 

 enaesset, Greenland, Jan. 7, 1820; Julianehaal), Greenland, 1847).— Bolle, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 176 (Canary Islands); 1857, 337 (Canaries). — Adams, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 505 (India); Ibis, 1864, 30 (Egypt).— Taylor, 

 Ibis, 1859, 52 (Egypt); 1867, 68 (Egypt).— Schrenck, Reis. Amurland, 1859, 

 408 (Sungaria). — Lindermayer, Vog. Griechenl., 1860, 133. — Tristram, Ibis, 

 1860, 79 (Algeria, Dec); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 450 (Palestine).— 

 PowYS, Ibis, 1860, 339 (Ionian Islands).- Hintz, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 220 

 (migrations, etc).— Irby, Ibis, 1861, 238 (Oudh, India); 1883, 187 (Santan- 

 der, Spain); Orn. Straits Gibralt., 1875, 158 (spring and autumn).— Swin" 



