46 



BULLETIN 50^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Young. — Much like winter adults, but scapulars, interscapulars, 

 and tertials abruptly but ratlier narrowly margined with brownish 

 buff to duU whitish, and tail tipped with buffy or cinnamomeous. 



Downy young (about 3 days old,j^<:7e OoUett). — -''Blacldsh gray, 

 slightly washed with yellowish, and here and there tipped with black; 

 along the crown is a narrow black band reacliing to the forehead, 

 though not quite to the base of the biU; a similar stripe extends 

 from the base of the upper mandible to the eye; and there is a black 

 spot at the gape; sides of the throat gray; belly white; wing and 

 scapulars colored like the back." (Dresser.) 



Adult male.— Wing, 140-156.5 (149.9); tail, 57-63 (61.2); exposed 

 culmen, 20-22.5 (20.8); tarsus, 23-25.5 (24.3); middle toe, 20-23 

 (21.8).« 



Adult female.— \Tmg, 140-160 (153.1); tail, 59-68 (62.4); exposed 

 culmen, 21-23 (21.9); tarsus, 23.5-25.5 (24.8); middle toe, 21-24 

 (21.8).^ 



Breeding in northern Europe and Asia, including islands in Arctic 

 Ocean, and northwestern Alaska (Yukon delta to Point Barrow) and 

 western Greenland ; in migration southward over practically the whole 

 of Eastern Hemisphere (seacoasts and shores of larger inland waters) 

 as far southward as New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, 

 Madagascar, etc., and through islands in Bering Sea and Aleutian 

 Islands southward along Pacific coast of America to Chile, and 

 throughout islands of Pacific Ocean. (Lower Cahfornia : SanYsidro; 



1 am unable to find any fairly constant differences between European and 

 Alaskan specimens. The European series is very small, however, and the com- 

 parison therefore not conclusive. 



