BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 43 



=Arenarnnx American Ornithologists Union, Check List, 188G, 164; 3rd ed., 

 1910, 131.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, ix, 90, 91; Hand-list, 

 i, 1899, XV, 146. — Sai.vin and Godman, Biol. Ceiitr.-Am., Aves, iii, 1903, 345. 



=Arenaridae Shufeldt, Jouru. Morph., ii, no. 2, Nov., 1888, 338. 



=Arenariidx Oberholser, Outl. Classif. N. Am. Birds, 1905, 2. 



"^ Aphrizidx Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 605, in text. — American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 164; 3d ed., 1910, 131.— Pauo- 

 WAY, Orn. Illinois, ii, 1895, 18, 20. 



= Morinellidx Mathews, Birds of Australia, iii, pt. i, April, 1913, 4. 



yilxmatopodidae Cassin, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 689, 699.— 

 Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 606. 



'^ Hxnuitopodinac Carus, Ilandb. Zool., i, 1868, 337. 



Medium-sized or rather small Charadrii with a well-developed 

 though small hallux; regular transverse scutella on both acrotarsium 

 and planta tarsi; no webormcmbranebetweenbasesof anterior toes; 

 subcmieate, compressed bill; slightly rounded tail, and tliigh-muscle 

 formula AXY. 



In possession of a distinct hallux, regular transverse scutella on 

 the acrotarsium, and relatively stout feet, the Arenariidae agree with 

 the Aphrizidse and differ from the Charadriidse and Haematopodidse. 

 In the scutcllate planta tarsi and form of the bill, however, the 

 ArenariidjB are peculiar, the latter being subcuneatc in lateral pro- 

 file, compressed and acute terminally, the upper outline nearly 

 straight or sometimes even slightly concave, the lower outline being 

 more convex, with the goiiys ascending terminally. The thigh- 

 muscle formula differs from that of the Ha3matopodid£e and Chara- 

 driidae, being AXY instead of ABXY. Unfortunately the thigh- 

 muscle formula of the Aphrizidoe is unknown. 



The Turnstones comprise a single genus of only two species, one 

 of which is nearly cosmopolitan in its range though breeding only 

 far northward, the other peculiar to the Pacific coast of North 

 America. 



Genus ARENARIA Brisson. 



Arenaria Brisson. Orn., v, 1760, 132. (Type, by tautonymy and monotypy, 

 [Aj-enaria] arenaria Tirisson= Tringa interpres Linnaeus.) 



Morinella Bartram, Trav. Carolina, etc., 1791, 294 (London ed., 1792,292): Zim- 

 merman, in Bartram, Reis. Nord- und Sud-Karolina, 1793, 291. (Type, by 

 monotypy and tautonymy, M. amcricana Zimmer man =Tn/?g'a morinella 

 Linnseus. See Mathews, Auk, xxxi, 1914, 89, 91.) 



Morinella Meyer and Wolt^ Taschenb. Vog. Deut-^chl., ii, 1810, 383. (Tj'pe, by 

 monotypy, Morinella collaris MeyGr= Tringa interpres Linnreus.) 



Strepsilas<i Iluger, Prodromus Orn., 1811, 263. (Type, by subsequent designa- 

 tion of Gray, 1840, Tringa interpres Linnseus.) 



Cinclus "Moehr[ingl" (not of Borkhausen, 1797 nor Bechstein, 1802) Gray, List 

 Gen. and Subgen. Birds, 2d ed., 1841, 85. (Type, by original designation and 

 monotypy, Tringa morijiellus Linnseus.) 



Morinellus "Ray" Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 70 (in synonymy of Strevsilas). 



« a-Tpe<j)eiv, vcrtere, Xas, lapis. (Illiger.) 



