28 BULLETIN 50^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



c. Fourth primary (from outside) with white on outer web, adjoining white shaft- 

 streak, the second and third primaries sometimes similarly marked; upper 

 tail-coverts wholly white; bill averaging decidedly shorter. (Europe and 

 western Asia, south in winter to Egypt, northeastern India, etc.; occasional 



in Greenland.) Hsematopus ostralegus ostralegus. (p. 30). 



cc. Fourth primary (from outside) as well as second and third, without white on 

 outer web; upper tail-coverts tipped with black; bill averaging much longer). 

 (Eastern Siberia and Kamchatka, sovith in winter to China, Burma, etc.) 



Haematopus ostralegus osculans (extralimital).a 

 hh. Entire rump and lower back grayish brown or black, concolor with back, etc. 

 c. Back, scapulars, etc., grajdsh brown to dark sooty brown; breast white, like 

 abdomen, etc., or at least not uniform black; bill stouter, its greatest depth 

 more than 10 mm. 

 d. Bill much larger (exposed culmen 70-104); upper tail-coverts mostly (or at 

 least in large part) white; greater wing-coverts more broadly tipped with white 

 (sometimes whole of exposed portion white); axillars immaculate white; 

 legs and feet flesh color (in life). (Hxmatopus palliatus.) 

 e. Back, scapulars, etc., much lighter grayish brown, in strong contrast with 

 black of head and neck; upper tail-coverts and under primary coverts 

 almost entirely white; innermost primaries partly white; greater wing- 

 coverts with whole of exposed portion white; tail with basal half or more 

 white; breast always immaculate white. 

 /. Smaller, with relatively more slender bill; averaging: adult male, wing, 

 253.4; tail, 98.2; culmen, 81.1; greatest depth of bill, 13.4; tarsus, 56.1; 

 middle toe, 40.1; adult female: wing, 260.2; tail, 102.4; culmen, 88.6; 

 greatest depth of bill, 13.6; tarsus, 55.6; middle toe, 40.8. (Atlantic 

 and Gulf coasts of United States and Mexico; Atlantic coast of Central 



and South America?) Haematopus palliatus palliatus (p. 32). 



ff. Larger, with relatively stouter bill; averaging: adult male, wing, 257; 

 tail, 103.5; culmen, 85.3; greatest depth of bill, 14.3; tarsus, 57.5; 

 middle toe, 43.3; adult female, wing, 261.4; tail, 105.2; culmen, 94.4; 

 greatest depth of bill, 14; tarsus, 59.5: middle toe, 41.7. (Bahama 



Islands.) Hsematopus palliatus prattii (p. 37). 



ee. Back, scapulars, etc., darker grayish brown (deep sooty brown to almost 

 sooty black), much less strongly contrasted with black of head and 

 neck; upper tail-coverts and under primary coverts largely dusky 

 grayish brown; innermost primaries without any white (on outer 

 webs) ; greater wing-coverts with exposed portion dark grayish brown 

 anteriorly; tail with less than basal half white; breast more or less 

 spotted or blotched with sooty blackish. 

 f. Larger, with shorter middle toe; averaging: adult male, wing, 259.1; 

 tail, 101.8; culmen, 75.9; greatest depth of bill, 13.3; tarsus, 53.2; mid- 

 dle toe, 39.2; adult female, wing, 264.3; tail, 104.9; culmen, 83.5; 

 greatest depth of bill, 13; tarsus, 55.7; middle toe, 40.3; color of back, 

 etc., averaging lighter, white on wing more extended, and under tail- 

 Coverts partly dusky. (Pacific coast of Mexico; also, Pacific coast of 

 Central and South America, as far as Chile?). 



Hsematopus palliatus frazari (p. 37.) 



o^ Haematopus hj/poleuca, part, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 129 (Kamchatka; 

 Kuril Islands). — Ihvmatopus ostralegus (not of Linnaeus) of authors (citations from n. e. 

 Asia). — (?) Haematopus ostralegus Schalow, Journ. fiir Orn., 1891, 258 (Sitka and 

 Unalaska, Alaska). — Hxmatopus osculans Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 405 

 (Talien Bay, China); Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 29, 1885, 100 (Kamchatka); 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, 111. — II[sematopus] ostralegus osculans 

 Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 29, 1885, 100, in text. — Haematopus ostralegus 

 osculans Mathews, Birds Australia, iii, pt. i, 1913, 21. 



