BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 11 



[Fulica] spinosa Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 152 ("Cartagena," Colom- 

 bia; based on Spur-ivinged ivater-hen Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, i, 1743, 48, 

 pi. 48).a 



Jacana spinosa Stejneger, Auk, ii, Oct., 1885, 338, in text. — Elliot, Auk, v. 

 1888, 297, part (moiiogr.; Guatemala; Honduras, Costa Rica); N. Am. Shore 

 Birds, 1895, 215, pi. (frontispiece). — American Ornithologists' Union Com- 

 mittee, Suppl. to Check List, 1889, 21, part; Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 288, 

 part; 3d ed., 1910, 133, part.— Richmond, Proc. L'. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 531 

 (Grey town and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). 



J[cicana] spinosa Ridgvvay, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 183, part. 



Jacana spinosa spinosa Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., x, Jan. 31, 1916, 220 (Central 

 America; crit.).^GMELiN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1789 708. — Latham, Index 

 Orn., ii, 1790, 763 ("Cayenne"; "Brazil"). 



Asarcia spinosa Coues, Auk. xiv, Jan., 1897, 83 (crit. nomencl.) 



[Parra] variabilis Linn.*:us, Syst. Nat., ed., 12, i, 1766, 260 ("Cartagena," Colom- 

 bia; based on Spur-winged water-hen Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, i, 1743, 48' 

 pi. 48 — basis also of Fulica spinosa of ed. 10; =young). 



Parra variabilis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat., xvi, 1817, 450; Tabl. Enc. 

 Meth., iii, 1823, 1055, pi. 60, no. 2. 



Asarcia variabilis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, 86, part (Orange Walk 

 and Belize River, Brit. Honduras; Huamachal and Lake Peten, Guatemala; 

 Honduras; Momotombo and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Costa Rica). — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, iii, 1903, 342 (Orange "Walk and 

 Belize River, Brit. Honduras; Santa Ana Mixtan, Huamachal, Lake Peten, 

 and Lake Amatitldn, Guatemala; Omoa, Truxillo, Tigre Island, and Lake 

 Yojoa, Honduras; Grey town, Omotepe, Momotombo, Sucuya, Rio Escondido, 

 and Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua; Las Trojas, Siquirres, Lake Ochomongo, 

 Salitral de San Antonio, and La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; Divala, Pan- 

 ama). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 424 (Tenorio, Barranca de 

 Punta Arenas, Miravalles, and mouth of Rio Matina, Costa Rica; habits). 



[Asarcia] variabilis Sharpe, Hand-list, i, 1899, 1G9, part. — Forbes and Robinson, 

 Bull. Liverp. Mus., ii, 1899, 60 (Honduras; Lake Peten, Guatemala). 



Parra jacana (not of Linni^us) Stephens, Gen. Zool., xii, i, 1824, 263, part. 



Parra gymnostoma (not of Wagler, 1831) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 

 283, part (Honduras; monogr.); 1858, 360 (Tigre Island, Honduras). — Sclater 

 and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 231 (Peten, Santa Ana Mixtan, and Lake Amatitldn, 

 Guatemala; Belize, Brit. Honduras; Omoa, Honduras). — Taylor, Ibis, 1860, 

 314 (Tigre Island and Lake Yojoa, Honduras; habits). — Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., viii, 1867, 184 (Greytown, Nicaragua). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1869, 375 (Costa Rica).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i. 1878, 107, 

 pi. 3, part (synonj-my, descr., etc.). — Nutting, Proc. LT. S. Nat. Mus., v. 

 1882, 499 (LaPalma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; habits); vi, 1884, 396 (Omotepe. 

 Nicaragua; habits). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds N. Am., 

 i, 1884, 176, part. 



o The only species of Jacana known to occur at or near Cartagena is /. nigra; never- 

 theless, the bird described and figured by Edwards, upon which Linnagus based his 

 Fulica spinosa, was evidently this species, in transition (from juvenal to adult) plum- 

 age. (See Elliot, Auk, v, 1888, 298, 299.) We must assume, therefore, either that 

 Edwards was mistaken as to the locality of his bird or else that the present species 

 may occasionally occur, as a straggler from the Isthmus, as far along the Colombian 

 coast as Cartagena, ^\^lether Cartagena was really the locality whence Edwards' 

 bird came or not, however, it becomes necessary to restrict the name spinosa to one 

 or another of the three subspecies into which the species is di\'isible, as has been 

 done by Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd (Ann. Carnegie Mus., x, 1916, 218, 219), who desig- 

 nated Panama as the type locality. He should, however, have specified tcestern 

 Panama, since .7. spinosa is known to occur only in the extreme western portion of 

 the L^thmus, being replaced from the Canal Zone eastward by J. nigra. 



