THE BIRDS 



OF 



NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



By Egbert Ridgway, 



Curator, Division of Birds. 



Part VIII. 



Order CHARADRIIFORMES. 



PLOVER-LIKE BIRDS. 



^Charadriorniihes Furbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1566 (in- 

 cludes Otides=Gruiforme8 part). 



'^Aegialornithes Furbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1566 (includes 

 Otides). 



'yCharadriiformes Furbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1566 (in- 

 cludes Otides).— Sharpe, Review Rec. At. Classif. Birds, 1891, 72; Hand- 

 list, i, 1899, XV, 144 (includes Otides).— Gadow, in Bronn's Thier-Reichs, 

 Vog., ii, 1893, 194, 300; Classif. Vertebr., 1898, xv, 35 (excludes Otides; 

 includes Pterocles and Columbiformes). — Oberholser, Outl. Classif. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1905, 2 (includes Columbiformes).— Knowlton, Birds of the 

 World, 1909, 49, 350 (includes Pterocles and Columbiformes). 



<CLaro-Limicolae Furbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1566 (excludes 

 Jacani and CEdicnemi). — Oberholser, Outl. Classif. N. Am. Birds, 1905, 2 

 (excludes Alcse).— Knowlton, Birds of the World, 1909, 49 (Limicolae-{- 

 Lari). 



=Laro-Limicolae Gadow, in Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 195. 



<.Charadrii Furbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1566 (excludes 

 Jacani and CEdicnemi). 



^Limicolx Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 117 (includes Gruidse.). 



<^Limicolae Beddard, Struct, and Classif. Birds, 1898, 336 (excludes Alcse). 



<CGavi3e Seebohm, Classif. Birds, 1890, vii, xi, 37 (excludes Alcse). 



=Pluviales Stejneger, Standard Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 65, in text. 



Limicoline, aquatic or (rarely) pratincoline schizognathous birds 

 with dorsal vertebrae opisthocoelous, lachrymals firmly united with 

 prefrontals, oil gland tufted, flexor tendons of Type I, syrinx tracheo- 

 bronchial, and secondaries aquincubital. 



Skull schizognathous (aegithognathous in Thinocoryces) ; nares 

 usually schizorhinal (holorhinal in CEdicnemi, Dromades, Chionides, 

 and Pluvianus, pseudo-holorhinal in Thinocoryces); basipterygoid 

 40017— 1&— Bull. 50, pt 8 2 1 



