BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 679 



M[egalestris] skua Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 21. 



[Larus] calarractes Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 226 (Arctic regions). — 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 603.— Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 818. 



Larus catairacles Yarrell, Brit. Birds, iii, 184.3, 481. 



Lestris calarractes Illiger, Prodr. Orn., 1811, 272. — Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 

 1815, 511; 2d ed., ii, 1820, 792.— Fabriciu.s, Prodr. Isl. Orn., 1822, 102.— 

 BoiE, Isis, 1822, 562. — Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828 ("Synopsis-"), 

 364.— Hewitson, Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, [1831-1838], pL 56 and text; 2d ed., 

 1846, 451, pL 129; 3d ed., 1856, 505, pL 142.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. 

 and Can., Water Birds, 1834, 312 (Newfoundland). — Eyton, Cat. Brit. Birds, 

 1836, 51.— Gould, Birds Europe, v, 1837, pL 439 and text.— Schinz, Eixr. 

 Faun., i, 1840, 387.— Schlegel, Rev. Crit., 1844, 84; -Yog. NederL, 1858, 

 587, pL 334; Dier. NederL Vogels, 1861, 231, pL 33, figa. 9, 9a.— Macgil- 

 LivRAY, Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 479. 



Stercorarius calarractes Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., iii, Anscres, ]844, 168. — 

 (?) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vi, 1853, 7 (off coast California, lat. of Mon- 

 terey) ;« inBaird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 838 (off coast of Cali- 

 fornia).« — Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 23 (Lari), 1863, 45 (Iceland, 

 Faroes). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 151 (Mackenzie River). — Degland and 

 Gerbe, Orn. Eur., 2d ed., ii, 1867, 392.— Elliot, Illustr. New and Unfig. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1869, pi. 55 and text.— Feilden, Zoologist, 1872, 3290, 

 (Faroe Islands). — Saunders, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 319 (mono- 

 gr.). — Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 188 (Gloucester, Massachu- 

 setts, 1 spec, July LS, 1878); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xx, 1879, 275 (Georges 

 Bank, off Newfoundland). 



[Stercorarius] catarractes Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xlii, 1856, 770; Consp. Av., 

 ii, 1857, 206. 



Larus cataractes Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 187. 



Lestris cataractes Boie, Isis, 1822, 875. — Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 016. — Nau- 

 MANN, Vog. Deutschl., x, 1840, 470, pi. 270. — Schalow, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1891, 263 (Aleutian Islands). 



L[estris] aitaractes He^yss, Man. Brit. Vert. Anim., 1835, 280. — Temminck, Man. 

 d'Orn., ed. 2, iv, 1840, 494. 



Stercorarius cataractes Selys-IvONgchamps, Faune Beige, 1842, 155. 



Lestris catharracl.es Schinz, Eur. J^aun., i, 1840, 387. 



Lestris catarrhacJes Kaup, Sk. Entw. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 739.— Wolley, Jardine'a 

 Contr. Orn., 1850, 113 (Faroe Islands). — Reinhardt, Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 

 442 (Greenland).— Droste, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 383 (Faroes). 



L[estri'i\ catarrhactcs Keyserlino and Blasius, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xciv, 239. 



Stercorarius catarrhactcs Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., iv, 1817, 154; Faun. 

 Fran?., 1838, 385.— Degland, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 289.— Reinhardt, Ibis, 

 1861, 16 (Greenland^; Vid. Medd. Nat. Forh. Kjobenhavn, 1881, 186 (Green- 

 land).— Gray, List Brit. Birds, 1863, 227.— Newton, in Baring-Gould's lee- 

 land, 1863, App. A., 418.— Blasius, Journ. fur Orn., 1865, 384 (crit.).— 

 Saunders, Ibis, 1871, 400 (Straits Gibraltar); 1884, 391 (s. w. France); 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 319 (monogr.); Journ. Linn. Soc, xiv, 1878, 

 392 (range); ed. Yarrell's Brit. Birds, iii, 1884, 662; Illustr. Man. Brit. Birds, 

 1889, 671.— Gould, Birds Great Brit., v, 1873, pi. 78 and text.— Dresser, 

 Birds Europe, viii, 1875, 457, pi. 609. — Clarke (W. E.), in Clarke and Roe- 

 buck, Handb. Vert. Faun. Yorkshire, 1881, 84.— Seebohm, Hist. Brit. Birds, 

 iii, 1885, 346, pi. 55 (eggs).— Taczanowski, Ornis, iv, 1888, 508 (Polimd).— 

 Stevenson and Southwell, Birds Norfolk, iii, 1890, 346. — Harvie-Brown 

 and Buckley, Vertebr. Faun. Argyll, etc., 1892, 194.— Blagg, Ibis, 1893, 

 357 (Shetland Islands, breeding). 



° See foot note on p. 678. 



