116 BULLETIN 50^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



bb. Culmen as long as or longer than middle toe ivithout claw, 

 c. A white nuchal collar; no black loral stripe nor jugular band; general color 

 of upper parts much paler grayish brown or brownish gray. {Charadrius 

 nivosus.) 

 d. Color of upi:)er parts darker (light hair brown to nearly drab). (Western 

 America, from Oregon and Wyoming to Chile.) 



Charadrius nivosus nivosus (p. 136). 

 dd. Color of upper parts much paler (pale drab-gray to nearly grayish white.) 

 (Gulf coast of United States and Mexico; Cuba.) 



Charadrius nivosus tenuirostris (p. 139). 



cc. No white nuchal collar; a black loral stripe and jugular band; general color 



of upper parts much darker grayish brown. (Southern Mexico to Peru, 



Argentina, Paraguay, etc.) Charadrius collaris (p. 140). 



CHARADRIUS SEMIPALMATUS Bonaparte. 



SEMIPALMATED PLOVER. 



Adult male in summer. — Anterior portion of forehead, loral stripe 

 (from bill to eye and continued beneath the latter to and including 

 the auricular region), fore part of crown, and a broad collar round 

 lower neck (broader on sides of chest), black; forehead (except 

 anterior portion) , malar region, chin, throat, upper neck (all round) , 

 a small spot immediately beneath eye, a more or less distinct supra- 

 auricular streak, and under parts posterior to the black jugular 

 band, including axillars and under wing-coverts, immaculate white, 

 the coverts along edge of wing grayish brown basally, the under 

 primary coverts pale grayish brown; upper parts (except as described) 

 plain grayish brown (hair brown), the greater wing-coverts tipped 

 with white; primaries dusky or blackish, their shafts white, the 

 proximal quills with basal portion of outer web white; tail light 

 grayish brown, blackish subterminally and white terminally, the 

 outermost rectrix entirely or mostly white, the next with outer 

 web white; bill black, the basal portion orange or orange-yellow; 

 iris dark brown; legs and feet pale yellowish or flesh color (in life). 



Adult female in summer. — Similar to the male and not always dis- 

 tinguishable, but usually with the black markings on head and the 

 jugular band duller black, the latter mixed or suffused with grayish 

 brown laterally. 



Winter plumage. — Black of head-markings and jugular band 

 replaced by grayish brown; otherwise as in summer. 



Young. — Similar to the winter plumage, but feathers of upper parts 

 margined terminally with light buff. 



Downy young. — Upper parts pale grayish brov/n mottled with 

 black, interrupted by a white nuchal collar; forehead, superciliary 

 region, and suborbital spot pale grayish buffy, the first marked along 

 median line with black; under parts entirely white. 



