124 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Charadrius torquatus Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 28 (ex Plu- 



vialis torquatus Brisson, Orn., v, 1760, 63, pi. 5, fig. 2). 

 Hiaticula torquata Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., iii, 1844, 68. 

 Charadrius morinellus (not of Linnaeus) Keilhau, Reise Finm., 1827-28, 163 (see 



Journ. fur Orn., 1865, 270). 

 Aegialitis septentrionalis Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 548 (Iceland; Germany). 

 Hiaticula annulata Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 65 (new name for Charadrius 



hiaticula Linnaeus). 

 AcgiaUtes auritus Heuglin, Syst. Ueb. Vog. N. O. Afrika, 1856, 56 {nomen nudum). 

 [Charadrius] major "Tristram," Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 15 (Palestine; nomen 



nudum!). 

 Charadrius hiaticula major Seebohm, Geog. Distr. Charadr., 1887, pp. xvi, 126. 

 Charadrius hiaticola mxijor Lowe, Ibis, July, 1914, 395-403 (crit.). 

 .iElgialitis] hiaticola major Lowe, Ibis, July, 1914, 396, in text. 

 JEgialitis hiaticola tundrx Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, xxxvi, no. ccx, Dec. 3, 



1915, 7 (Valley of Yenesei, e. Siberia; coll. Brit. Mus.). 



CHARADRIUS DUBIUS Scopoli. 



LITTLE RING PLOVER. 



Adult male in summer. — Loral, subocular and auricular regions, 

 anterior portion of forehead and fore part of crown black, all these 

 areas confluent; a white band across forehead (from eye to eye) and a 

 narrower one (sometimes tinged with grayish) crossing crown, imme- 

 diately behind the black vertical patch, and continued laterally above 

 eyes and auriculars to sides of occiput; rest of upper parts grayish 

 brown (between drab and light hair brown), lighter on rump and 

 median upper tail-coverts, the lateral upper tail-coverts and sides of 

 rump white; primaries dusky, the outermost with shaft white; 

 secondaries margined terminally with white; tail with middle rectrices 

 grayish brown, the other rectrices becoming paler toward the outer- 

 most, which is white with blackish subterminal spot on inner web, 

 the next with outer web white, the other rectrices (except middle 

 pair) dusky subterminally and white at tips; malar and subam'icular 

 regions, chin and throat, immaculate white, confluent with a broad 

 white nuchal collar; lower neck encircled by a broad collar of black, 

 broader laterally, where invading sides of chest; rest of under parts, 

 including axillars and under wing-coverts, im-maculate white; bill 

 black, the base of mandible sometimes 3^ellowish; iris dark brown; 

 naked eye-ring yellow (in life) ; legs and feet flesh color (in life). 



Adult female in summer. — Similar to the adult male and perhaps 

 not always distinguishable, but usually with black head-markings 

 dusky grayish brown or dull blackish, especially" those on sides of 

 head, the black collar round lower neck sometimes dusky grayish 

 brown laterally. 



Winter ylumage. — Black of head-markings and collar round lower 

 neck replaced by grayish brown, and white frontal area less sharply 

 defined; otherwise as in summer. 



Young. — Similar to the winter plumage but general tone of plumage 

 more or less buffy, the brown of upper parts broken by buffy margins 

 and dusky submargins to the feathers. 



