232 BrLLznx 50. unitzd states national museum. 



coverts tipped with white: secondaries brownish gray narrowly 

 edged with white: tertials darker brownish gray with pale broad but 

 not sharply defined edgings: primary coverts and primaries dusky, 

 the proximal primary coverts tipped with white, the shafts of pri- 

 maries white or whitish, passing into grayish brown basally and ter- 

 minally; tail pale brownish gray, the rectrices narrowly margined 

 with white distally (sometimes with a narrow sub-edging or lunulate 

 subtenninal mark of dusky \ their shafts white except toward tips: 

 sides of head, including broad superciliary stripe, chin, throat, fore- 

 neck, chest, breast, and upper abdomen plain bufpy cinnamon, vina- 

 ceous-cinnamon, or mikado brown, paler posteriorly: sides mixed 

 buffy cinnamon and white, broken by irregular narrow bars and 

 streaks or other markings of dusky: lower abdomen, flanks, anal 

 region, and under tail-coverts white, the flanks marked like the sides, 

 the under tail-coverts with a few small streaks or cuneate markings 

 of dusky; axillars and under wing-coverts white, the former with 

 distinct submarginal V-shaped markings of brownish gray, the latter 

 with fewer ^d less conspicuous markings of similar form: bill black; 

 iris dark brown; legs and feet blackish. 



Adult femah in summer. — ^Similar to the adult male and perhaps 

 not always distinguishable, but usually with the cinnamon-buft of 

 underparts decidedly paler, less extended posteriorly, and more often 

 broken laterally by admixture of white and by dusky markings. 



Adults in icinier (sexes alike). — ^Above light brownish gray with 

 indistinct shaft-streaks of darker; superciUary stripe and underparts 

 white, the throat, foreneck. chest, and sides streaked or otherwise 

 marked with dusky; otherwise as in summer plumage. 



Young. — ^Similar to winter adults but feathers of upper parts mar- 

 gined with whitish and with a narrow submarsinal lunulate or V- 

 shaped mark of dusky; whit^ of underparts usually tinged with dull 

 buffy, especially on ch^t. 



Downy young. — "Forehead warm buff, with a central black line; 

 over the eye a double black line; crown, from centre backwards. 

 black slightly varied with rufous and dotted with buff; nape creamy 

 buff, slightly varied with blackish; upper parts .... black, slightly 

 varied with reddish brown, and profusely dotted with creamy white; 

 underparts very shghtly washed with warm buff."'^ 



Ad^ili rnale.—Wiag, 152-174 (162.7); tail, 60-66 (62.2); exposed 

 culmen, 31-36.5 (33.9); tarsus, 29.5-33 (31); middle toe, 20-23 

 (21.7).^ 



a Dreascr, Birds of Europe. & Eighteen specimens. 



