BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 179 



terminal third (more or less) blackish or dusky; iris brown; legs and 

 feet dusky (in dried skins). 



Adult female in summer. — Similar to the adult male but larger and 

 with less of cinnamon color. 



Adults in winter (sexes alike). — Head, neck, back, and scapulars 

 nearly plain deep brownish gru}^, the head and neck slightly paler 

 grayish: chest immaculate pale gray; otherwise, essentially as in 

 summer plumage. 



Young. — "Distinguished from the adults by being darker brown 

 above, with Itroad sandy-rufous edges to the feathers of the u])per 

 surface, the innermost secondaries banded with blackish brown and 

 sand}^ rufous; the head rufous, streaked with dark brown, but indis- 

 tinctly; sides of face huffy white, with very fine streaks of brown; 

 throat white; lower throat, sides of neck, and chest reddish buff, 

 slightly mottled with dusky bases to the feathers of the side of tho 

 breast; remainder of under surface white, suffused with rufescent 

 buff, and shaded with ashy brown on the sides of the body.""' 



Downy young. — "Rusty yellow marked with black, especially on 

 crown and rump; a narrow streak through the eye, wing-joints, 

 cheeks, and belly light yellowish."'' 



A.dult male.— Wing, 198-225 (210.6); tail, 73-89 (81.9); exposed 

 culmen, 86-124 (102.G); tarsus, 72-84 (75.3); middle toe, 34.5-42 

 (36.7 ).<^ 



Adult female.— ^Ymg, 197-220.5 (209.2); tail, 78-88 (83.7); 

 exposed culmen, 89.5-115.5 (101.3); tarsus, 67-92 (78.8); middle 

 toe, 34-39 (36.5). <^ 



Breeding in Europe and western Asia, from Iceland, British 

 Islands (including Faroes), Holland, northern Germany, and southern 

 Russia northward (to about as far as Arctic Circle), eastward to 

 Valley of the Ob, Siberia; migrating southward to southern Europe, 

 Madeira and Canary Islands, Abyssinia, etc. Casual or occasional in 

 southern Greenland. 



\Scolopax] lirnosn Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 147 (Sweden); ed. 12, i, 



1766, 246.— Gmelin, Sygt. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 666. 

 Scolopax limosa Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 53 (PI. Enl., pi. 874).— Tem- 



MiNCK, Cat. Syst., 1807, 170. 

 Actitis limoso Iluger, Prodr. Orn., 1811, 262. 

 Totanus Hmosa Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb., ii, 1803, 287; Natiirg. Deut«chl., 



iv, 1809, 234. 



a Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 385. 

 ^ Dresser, Birds of Europe. 

 '^ Five specimens. 

 <* Three specimens. 



Measurements of L. limosa melanuroides are as follows: — 



Adult male (four specimens).— Wing, 184-195 (188.2); tail, 66-82.5 (74.4); exposed 

 culmen, 73-91.5 (79.7); tarsus, 61-65 (62.9;; middle toe, 33.5-36.5 (34.7). 



